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Stimulant Effects: Synephrine has stimulant properties similar to those of ephedrine and other sympathomimetic agents. It acts as a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, primarily targeting beta-3 adrenergic receptors. This can lead to increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and enhanced metabolic rate.
Weight Loss: Synephrine is often included in dietary supplements promoted for weight loss and fat burning. It is believed to stimulate lipolysis (breakdown of fat) and thermogenesis (production of heat), which may contribute to weight loss when combined with calorie restriction and exercise. However, evidence regarding its efficacy for weight loss is limited and controversial.
Energy and Exercise Performance: Due to its stimulant effects, synephrine may also be used to enhance energy levels and exercise performance. Some athletes and fitness enthusiasts may use synephrine-containing supplements to increase alertness, endurance, and focus during workouts or competitions. However, its actual impact on athletic performance is not well-established.
Cardiovascular Effects: Synephrine can affect cardiovascular function by increasing heart rate and blood pressure. While these effects may be mild in healthy individuals, they could be problematic for those with underlying cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, arrhythmias, or coronary artery disease. Individuals with heart conditions should exercise caution when using synephrine-containing supplements.
Adverse Reactions: Like other sympathomimetic agents, synephrine may cause adverse reactions in susceptible individuals. These may include palpitations, anxiety, insomnia, headache, dizziness, nausea, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Some individuals may also experience allergic reactions or hypersensitivity to synephrine.
Drug Interactions: Synephrine may interact with certain medications, particularly other sympathomimetic drugs or drugs that affect cardiovascular function. Concurrent use of synephrine-containing supplements and prescription medications should be done with caution and under the supervision of a healthcare provider to avoid potential interactions or adverse effects.
Regulatory Status: While synephrine is found in some dietary supplements marketed for weight loss and sports performance enhancement, its safety and efficacy have been a subject of debate. Regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have raised concerns about the potential health risks associated with synephrine-containing products, particularly when used in high doses or in combination with other stimulants.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| Taxonomy | Rank | Effect | Citations | Notation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unclassified Robinsoniella | no rank | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| unclassified Fusobacterium | no rank | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| unclassified Negativicoccus | no rank | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Eggerthellales | order | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Anaerofustis stercorihominis | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Asaccharospora irregularis | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Negativicoccus sp. S5-A15 | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Paraprevotella clara | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Slackia sp. NATTS | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| [Collinsella] massiliensis | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Parvibacter caecicola | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Coriobacterineae | suborder | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia group | superphylum | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Depression | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Mood Disorders | 0.3 | 0.3 |
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