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Research Tool: Dizocilpine maleate is primarily used as a research tool in laboratory studies to investigate the role of NMDA receptors in various neurological and psychiatric conditions. Its ability to block NMDA receptors allows researchers to study the physiological and pathological functions of these receptors in conditions such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and epilepsy.
Schizophrenia Research: Due to its ability to induce symptoms reminiscent of schizophrenia in animal models, dizocilpine maleate has been extensively used in research aimed at understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia. It helps researchers study the role of NMDA receptor hypofunction in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Neuroprotection: Despite its primary use as a research tool, there has been some investigation into the potential neuroprotective effects of dizocilpine maleate. Studies have suggested that NMDA receptor antagonists like dizocilpine may have protective effects against brain damage caused by conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the clinical applicability of these findings remains uncertain.
Side Effects: Dizocilpine maleate is associated with significant side effects and toxicity, particularly at higher doses. These side effects can include cognitive impairment, hallucinations, delirium, ataxia (loss of coordination), convulsions, and even neurotoxicity. Due to its potent effects on the central nervous system, dizocilpine maleate should only be used under carefully controlled conditions in research settings and is not approved for clinical use.
Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
---|---|---|
species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
---|---|---|---|
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0 | 0 | |
Acne | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
ADHD | 1 | 1 | |
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
Allergies | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.14 |
Allergy to milk products | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0 | 0 | |
Alzheimer's disease | 1.1 | 1.3 | -0.18 |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.14 |
Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.3 | 0.4 | 2.25 |
Anorexia Nervosa | 0 | 0.5 | 0 |
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 1.4 | 0 | 0 |
Asthma | 0.1 | 0.8 | -7 |
Atherosclerosis | 0.2 | 0.5 | -1.5 |
Atrial fibrillation | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.83 |
Autism | 2.4 | 2.6 | -0.08 |
Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
Bipolar Disorder | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1 |
Brain Trauma | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
Carcinoma | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
Celiac Disease | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.38 |
Cerebral Palsy | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 1.2 | 1 | 0.2 |
Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
Chronic Lyme | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 1.5 | 0.1 | 14 |
Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.2 |
Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
Colorectal Cancer | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
Constipation | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
Coronary artery disease | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
COVID-19 | 3 | 3.3 | -0.1 |
Crohn's Disease | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
cystic fibrosis | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
deep vein thrombosis | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
Depression | 2.7 | 2.5 | 0.08 |
Dermatomyositis | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
Eczema | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
Endometriosis | 1.2 | 0.2 | 5 |
Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
Epilepsy | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
Fibromyalgia | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
giant cell arteritis | 0 | 0 | |
Glioblastoma | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
Graves' disease | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
Halitosis | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2 |
Histamine Issues,Mast Cell Issue, DAO Insufficiency | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
hyperglycemia | 0.2 | 0.8 | -3 |
Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
hypersomnia | 0 | 0 | |
hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1 | 1.1 | -0.1 |
Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Hypoxia | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.3 | 2 | -0.54 |
Insomnia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
Intelligence | 0 | 0.2 | 0 |
Intracranial aneurysms | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.8 | 1 | 0.8 |
Liver Cirrhosis | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.25 |
Long COVID | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.47 |
Low bone mineral density | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Lung Cancer | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
ME/CFS with IBS | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
ME/CFS without IBS | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
Menopause | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
Metabolic Syndrome | 1.7 | 1.9 | -0.12 |
Mood Disorders | 3.4 | 2.5 | 0.36 |
multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
Multiple Sclerosis | 2.2 | 1.4 | 0.57 |
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1.3 | 0.1 | 12 |
Neuropathy (all types) | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2 |
neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.8 | 1.3 | -0.63 |
NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Obesity | 1.4 | 1 | 0.4 |
obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.55 |
Osteoarthritis | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
Osteoporosis | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
pancreatic cancer | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
Parkinson's Disease | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
primary biliary cholangitis | 0 | 0 | |
Psoriasis | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.63 |
rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 1.7 | 0.7 | 1.43 |
Rosacea | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
Schizophrenia | 1.3 | 0.2 | 5.5 |
scoliosis | 0 | 0 | |
Sjögren syndrome | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.71 |
Sleep Apnea | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.9 | 0.1 | 8 |
Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.57 |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.1 | 0.2 | 4.5 |
Tic Disorder | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
Tourette syndrome | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
Type 1 Diabetes | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
Type 2 Diabetes | 1.7 | 2.3 | -0.35 |
Ulcerative colitis | 1.2 | 1.3 | -0.08 |
Unhealthy Ageing | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1 |
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