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Antidepressant Effect: Bupropion is effective in treating major depressive disorder (MDD). It helps alleviate symptoms of depression by balancing neurotransmitter levels in the brain, particularly norepinephrine and dopamine.
Smoking Cessation: Bupropion is also approved for use as an aid to quit smoking. It reduces withdrawal symptoms and cravings associated with nicotine addiction, making it easier for individuals to quit smoking.
Different Formulations: Bupropion is available in various formulations, including immediate-release (IR), sustained-release (SR), and extended-release (XL). Each formulation has different dosing schedules and release profiles, allowing for flexible treatment options based on individual needs.
Minimal Sexual Side Effects: Unlike some other antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), bupropion is less likely to cause sexual dysfunction as a side effect. This can be advantageous for patients who experience this side effect with other medications.
Weight-Neutral: Bupropion is considered weight-neutral, meaning it is less likely to cause weight gain compared to some other antidepressants. In some cases, it may even lead to modest weight loss, making it a preferred option for individuals concerned about weight gain.
Stimulant-Like Effects: Bupropion has stimulant-like properties due to its effects on dopamine and norepinephrine. Some individuals may experience increased energy, alertness, or agitation, especially when starting the medication or with higher doses.
Side Effects: Common side effects of bupropion may include dry mouth, insomnia, headache, nausea, constipation, and dizziness. Most side effects are mild and transient, but they may persist in some individuals. Seizures are a rare but serious side effect associated with bupropion, particularly at higher doses.
Contraindications: Bupropion is contraindicated in individuals with a history of seizures, eating disorders (such as anorexia or bulimia), or recent discontinuation of alcohol or sedatives. It should not be used concurrently with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or certain other medications due to the risk of potentially dangerous drug interactions.
Gradual Onset of Action: It may take several weeks for the full therapeutic effects of bupropion to be realized in the treatment of depression. Patients should be advised to continue taking the medication as directed, even if they do not notice immediate improvement in their symptoms.
Monitoring: Patients taking bupropion may require periodic monitoring, especially during the initial weeks of treatment, to assess for any adverse effects and to evaluate the response to therapy. Dosage adjustments may be necessary based on individual tolerability and treatment response.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| ADHD | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0 | 0 | |
| Allergies | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Alzheimer's disease | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0 | 0 | |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0 | 0 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Autism | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0 | 0 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Carcinoma | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0 | 0 | |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Constipation | 0 | 0 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
| COVID-19 | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Crohn's Disease | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Depression | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Eczema | 0 | 0 | |
| Endometriosis | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Epilepsy | 0 | 0 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0 | 0 | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Gout | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Histamine Issues,Mast Cell Issue, DAO Insufficiency | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0 | 0 | |
| hypersomnia | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Intelligence | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0 | 0 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Long COVID | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Mood Disorders | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0 | 0 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0 | 0 | |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Obesity | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis | 0 | 0 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Psoriasis | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Rosacea | 0 | 0 | |
| Schizophrenia | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| scoliosis | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0 | 0 | |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Tic Disorder | 0 | 0 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
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