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Antiarrhythmic Effect: Procainamide hydrochloride belongs to the class of antiarrhythmic drugs known as Class Ia antiarrhythmics. It works by blocking sodium channels in cardiac cells, thereby slowing the conduction of electrical impulses in the heart muscle and stabilizing abnormal heart rhythms.
Treatment of Ventricular Arrhythmias: Procainamide hydrochloride is commonly prescribed to treat ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). It helps restore normal heart rhythm and prevent the recurrence of arrhythmic episodes.
Suppression of Atrial Arrhythmias: In addition to ventricular arrhythmias, procainamide hydrochloride may also be used to suppress certain atrial arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, particularly when other antiarrhythmic medications are ineffective or contraindicated.
Administration: Procainamide hydrochloride is typically administered orally in the form of tablets or intravenously (IV) as a solution for rapid onset of action in emergency situations. The dosage and route of administration depend on the specific indication, the patient's condition, and other factors.
Monitoring: While procainamide hydrochloride can be effective in controlling arrhythmias, its use requires close monitoring of the patient's cardiac rhythm, blood pressure, and electrolyte levels. Regular electrocardiograms (ECGs) and clinical assessments are essential to evaluate the drug's efficacy and detect any adverse effects.
Adverse Effects: Procainamide hydrochloride may cause various adverse effects, including gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It can also lead to dizziness, headache, fatigue, and visual disturbances. In some cases, procainamide may cause drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE), a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by symptoms such as joint pain, fever, and skin rash.
Proarrhythmic Effects: Like other antiarrhythmic medications, procainamide hydrochloride may paradoxically worsen certain arrhythmias or precipitate the development of new arrhythmias, particularly in patients with underlying heart disease. Close monitoring for signs of proarrhythmia is necessary during treatment.
Contraindications: Procainamide hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to procainamide or related drugs, severe heart block, or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal function, as dosage adjustments may be necessary to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity.
Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
---|---|---|
species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
---|---|---|---|
Acne | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
ADHD | 0.8 | 0.1 | 7 |
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
Allergies | 0.5 | 0.8 | -0.6 |
Allergy to milk products | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.5 |
Alzheimer's disease | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
Anorexia Nervosa | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
Asthma | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
Atherosclerosis | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
Atrial fibrillation | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
Autism | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.15 |
Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
Bipolar Disorder | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
Brain Trauma | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
Carcinoma | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
Celiac Disease | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
Cerebral Palsy | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.33 |
Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4 |
Chronic Lyme | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
Colorectal Cancer | 1.1 | 0.1 | 10 |
Constipation | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
Coronary artery disease | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2 |
COVID-19 | 1.7 | 2 | -0.18 |
Crohn's Disease | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
cystic fibrosis | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
deep vein thrombosis | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
Depression | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.08 |
Dermatomyositis | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
Eczema | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
Endometriosis | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Epilepsy | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
Fibromyalgia | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.6 |
gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
giant cell arteritis | 0 | 0 | |
Glioblastoma | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Gout | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Graves' disease | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
Halitosis | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
Histamine Issues,Mast Cell Issue, DAO Insufficiency | 0.7 | 0.1 | 6 |
hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0 | 0 | |
hyperglycemia | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Hypoxia | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.2 | 1.5 | -0.25 |
Insomnia | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
Intelligence | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Intracranial aneurysms | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.3 | 0.4 | 2.25 |
Liver Cirrhosis | 1 | 0.8 | 0.25 |
Long COVID | 1.4 | 1.5 | -0.07 |
Low bone mineral density | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Lung Cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
ME/CFS without IBS | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4 |
Menopause | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
Metabolic Syndrome | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.33 |
Mood Disorders | 2.2 | 1.3 | 0.69 |
multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
Multiple Sclerosis | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
Neuropathy (all types) | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Obesity | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1 |
obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.5 | 0.5 | 2 |
Osteoarthritis | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
Osteoporosis | 0.7 | 0.1 | 6 |
pancreatic cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Parkinson's Disease | 0.5 | 0.8 | -0.6 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Psoriasis | 1 | 0.2 | 4 |
rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
Rosacea | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
Schizophrenia | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
scoliosis | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
Sjögren syndrome | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2 |
Sleep Apnea | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1 |
Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
Tourette syndrome | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Type 1 Diabetes | 0.9 | 0.2 | 3.5 |
Type 2 Diabetes | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.36 |
Ulcerative colitis | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
Unhealthy Ageing | 0.8 | 0.2 | 3 |
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