🍽️ acetohexamide,(prescription)

Sulfonylurea: Acetohexamide belongs to the class of medications known as sulfonylureas, which are oral hypoglycemic agents that lower blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. Sulfonylureas like acetohexamide are primarily used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in patients who have not achieved adequate glycemic control with diet and exercise alone.

Stimulates Insulin Release: Acetohexamide acts by binding to sulfonylurea receptors on pancreatic beta cells, leading to closure of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and subsequent depolarization of the cell membrane. This triggers the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels, calcium influx, and release of insulin from beta cells into the bloodstream.

Lowering Blood Glucose Levels: By enhancing insulin secretion, acetohexamide helps lower blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It promotes glucose uptake by peripheral tissues (such as muscle and adipose tissue) and inhibits hepatic glucose production, thereby improving glycemic control and reducing hyperglycemia.

Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Acetohexamide is indicated for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in patients who have not achieved glycemic targets with lifestyle modifications (e.g., diet, exercise) alone. It may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic medications, such as metformin or insulin, to achieve optimal glycemic control.

Dosage and Administration: Acetohexamide is typically administered orally in the form of tablets. The dosage and frequency of administration may vary depending on the patient's age, weight, renal function, and glycemic status. It is usually taken once or twice daily with meals to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal side effects.

Hypoglycemia: One of the main side effects of acetohexamide and other sulfonylureas is hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar levels. Hypoglycemia may occur if the dose of acetohexamide is too high, if meals are skipped, or if excessive physical activity is performed without adequate carbohydrate intake. Patients should be educated about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and instructed on appropriate management strategies.

Weight Gain: Sulfonylureas, including acetohexamide, may be associated with weight gain in some individuals, particularly due to increased insulin secretion and enhanced glucose uptake by adipose tissue. Patients should be advised to monitor their weight regularly and make appropriate dietary and lifestyle adjustments as needed.

Renal Impairment: Acetohexamide is primarily eliminated by the kidneys, so dose adjustments may be necessary in patients with renal impairment to prevent accumulation of the medication and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. Close monitoring of renal function and adjustment of dosage may be required in such patients.

Contraindications: Acetohexamide is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas or sulfonamides, as well as those with type 1 diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, or severe renal or hepatic impairment. It should be used with caution in elderly patients and those with a history of hypoglycemia or adrenal insufficiency.