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Diagnostic Tool: Methacholine chloride is used in bronchial provocation testing to assess airway responsiveness. It is administered via inhalation to induce bronchoconstriction in individuals suspected of having asthma or other respiratory conditions characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness.
Asthma Diagnosis: Bronchial provocation testing with methacholine chloride can help healthcare providers diagnose asthma by evaluating the degree of airway narrowing or bronchoconstriction in response to the inhalation of the medication. This test is especially useful when other diagnostic methods, such as spirometry or peak flow measurements, are inconclusive.
Procedure: During bronchial provocation testing, methacholine chloride is delivered via a nebulizer or inhalation device. The concentration of methacholine chloride is gradually increased in a stepwise fashion, and lung function is monitored using spirometry or other pulmonary function tests after each inhalation. The test is stopped when a certain level of bronchoconstriction is reached or when predetermined criteria are met.
Safety Considerations: Methacholine chloride provocation testing should be performed under the supervision of healthcare professionals experienced in the procedure, as it can induce bronchoconstriction and respiratory symptoms in susceptible individuals. Close monitoring of lung function and vital signs is essential during the test to ensure patient safety.
Contraindications: Methacholine chloride provocation testing is contraindicated in individuals with severe or uncontrolled asthma, as well as those with certain cardiovascular conditions or other contraindications to bronchoconstrictor challenge testing. The procedure should be avoided in pregnant women and individuals with acute respiratory infections or other acute respiratory conditions.
Adverse Reactions: Common adverse reactions to methacholine chloride provocation testing may include coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, shortness of breath, and bronchospasm. These symptoms typically resolve once the test is discontinued and bronchodilator medication is administered to reverse bronchoconstriction.
Interpretation of Results: The results of methacholine chloride provocation testing are interpreted based on the degree of bronchoconstriction observed and the concentration of methacholine chloride required to induce a specified level of airway narrowing. A positive test result, indicating airway hyperresponsiveness, supports a diagnosis of asthma or other respiratory conditions.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| ADHD | 2.2 | 0.3 | 6.33 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.22 |
| Allergies | 3.3 | 1 | 2.3 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.83 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 2.1 | 2.5 | -0.19 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.42 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 2.6 | 0.7 | 2.71 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.1 | 0.9 | -8 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Asthma | 0.5 | 1.1 | -1.2 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.7 | 0.9 | -0.29 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.75 |
| Autism | 5.1 | 3.8 | 0.34 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Carcinoma | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.46 |
| Celiac Disease | 1.4 | 2 | -0.43 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 2.5 | 2.8 | -0.12 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.63 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.6 | 0.4 | 3 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 2.7 | 0.5 | 4.4 |
| Constipation | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| COVID-19 | 6.2 | 5 | 0.24 |
| Crohn's Disease | 4.8 | 2.2 | 1.18 |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 1.2 | 0.4 | 2 |
| Depression | 4.3 | 4.3 | 0 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Eczema | 1 | 0.5 | 1 |
| Endometriosis | 2.2 | 0.5 | 3.4 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Epilepsy | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.42 |
| Fibromyalgia | 1 | 0.9 | 0.11 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 2.7 | 1.5 | 0.8 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.14 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.73 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0 | 0 | |
| Gout | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.7 | 1.1 | -0.57 |
| Halitosis | 0.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 1.6 | 0.3 | 4.33 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Histamine Issues,Mast Cell Issue, DAO Insufficiency | 2 | 0.4 | 4 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| hyperglycemia | 0.4 | 1.2 | -2 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| hypersomnia | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.4 | 2.6 | -0.86 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.2 | -1.2 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 2.3 | 3.2 | -0.39 |
| Insomnia | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
| Intelligence | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 3 | 2.1 | 0.43 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 2.8 | 1.8 | 0.56 |
| Long COVID | 3.6 | 3.9 | -0.08 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.7 | 1 | -0.43 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.5 | 1.6 | -2.2 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1 | 1.3 | -0.3 |
| Menopause | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 4.9 | 4.3 | 0.14 |
| Mood Disorders | 6.1 | 4.4 | 0.39 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 2.5 | 1.2 | 1.08 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.6 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.4 | 2.5 | -0.79 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Obesity | 5.4 | 2.4 | 1.25 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 3.2 | 2.1 | 0.52 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.38 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 2.2 | 1.7 | 0.29 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.7 | 0.1 | 6 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Psoriasis | 3.1 | 1.2 | 1.58 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 3.8 | 2.2 | 0.73 |
| Rosacea | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Schizophrenia | 3.5 | 1.1 | 2.18 |
| scoliosis | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 1.7 | 1.3 | 0.31 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.8 | 0.9 | -0.13 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1 | 0.5 | 1 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 2.3 | 1.7 | 0.35 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 2.1 | 0.9 | 1.33 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.2 | 0.8 | -3 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.8 | 0.9 | 1 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 4.9 | 3.6 | 0.36 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 2.2 | 2.4 | -0.09 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 2.7 | 1 | 1.7 |
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