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Muscle Spasticity: Dantrolene sodium is used to treat muscle spasticity, which is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and stiffness. It acts by directly affecting the skeletal muscle cells, inhibiting the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which is necessary for muscle contraction. By reducing calcium levels in muscle cells, dantrolene helps to relax and relieve muscle spasms and stiffness associated with conditions such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and stroke.
Malignant Hyperthermia (MH): Dantrolene sodium is also used as a specific treatment for malignant hyperthermia, a rare but life-threatening condition triggered by exposure to certain anesthetic agents, particularly in susceptible individuals with genetic predisposition. Malignant hyperthermia is characterized by rapid and uncontrolled increases in body temperature, muscle rigidity, metabolic acidosis, and potentially fatal complications such as organ failure and cardiac arrest. Dantrolene acts by inhibiting abnormal muscle contractions and metabolic processes that lead to hypermetabolism and heat production, helping to reverse the hyperthermic crisis and stabilize the patient's condition.
Anesthetic-Induced Muscle Rigidity: In addition to malignant hyperthermia, dantrolene sodium may be used to treat anesthesia-induced muscle rigidity, a complication that can occur during surgery or anesthesia induction, particularly with the use of certain anesthetic agents such as succinylcholine. Dantrolene helps relax the muscles and alleviate the stiffness and rigidity associated with this condition, allowing for easier ventilation and management of the patient's airway.
Dosage and Administration: Dantrolene sodium is typically administered orally or intravenously (IV) under the supervision of a healthcare professional. The dosage and administration route depend on the patient's condition, severity of symptoms, and response to treatment. For malignant hyperthermia crisis, dantrolene is administered intravenously as a rapid bolus followed by continuous infusion until the patient's condition stabilizes.
Side Effects: Common side effects of dantrolene sodium may include drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, gastrointestinal upset (such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), and muscle weakness. Rare but serious side effects may include hepatotoxicity (liver damage), particularly with long-term use or high doses of dantrolene. Patients should be monitored for signs of liver dysfunction, and liver function tests may be performed periodically during treatment.
Precautions: Dantrolene sodium should be used with caution in individuals with preexisting liver disease or impaired liver function, as it may exacerbate hepatotoxicity. It should also be used cautiously in elderly patients, pregnant women, and individuals with certain medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory insufficiency, or neuromuscular disorders.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD | 2.6 | 0.1 | 25 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Allergies | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.45 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.6 | 3.7 | -1.31 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.6 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.4 | 0.9 | -1.25 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1.6 | -1.6 | |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 1 | 1 | |
| Asthma | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.5 | 1.3 | -1.6 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.5 | 0.4 | 2.75 |
| Autism | 2.4 | 2.8 | -0.17 |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.8 | 0.9 | -0.13 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Carcinoma | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.06 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.8 | 1.7 | -1.13 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.2 | -1.2 | |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 2.5 | 2.1 | 0.19 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.5 | 1 | -1 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| Colorectal Cancer | 2 | 0.3 | 5.67 |
| Constipation | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.8 | 0.2 | 3 |
| COVID-19 | 4.4 | 7.4 | -0.68 |
| Crohn's Disease | 2.6 | 3.2 | -0.23 |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| Depression | 2.9 | 2.5 | 0.16 |
| Eczema | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Endometriosis | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.83 |
| Epilepsy | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 2.3 | 1.2 | 0.92 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.8 | 0.2 | 3 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Graves' disease | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Halitosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Histamine Issues,Mast Cell Issue, DAO Insufficiency | 1 | 0.5 | 1 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| hypersomnia | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.8 | 2.6 | -2.25 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 2.2 | -2.2 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.9 | 3.9 | -3.33 |
| Insomnia | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
| Intelligence | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 1 | 1 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.12 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.58 |
| Long COVID | 2.4 | 4.6 | -0.92 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 1 | -1 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.5 | 0.8 | -0.6 |
| Menopause | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 2.5 | 3.4 | -0.36 |
| Mood Disorders | 3.4 | 2.6 | 0.31 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 1.2 | 2.4 | -1 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.4 | 2.5 | -5.25 |
| Obesity | 3.7 | 1.9 | 0.95 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 3.6 | 1.6 | 1.25 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 0.1 | 1.8 | -17 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1 | 1.7 | -0.7 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Psoriasis | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0 |
| Rosacea | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
| Schizophrenia | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.78 |
| scoliosis | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.8 | 1.1 | -0.38 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.14 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.14 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.07 |
| Tic Disorder | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 2.4 | 0.3 | 7 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 2.5 | 2.9 | -0.16 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.8 | 2.2 | -1.75 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 1.3 | 1.4 | -0.08 |
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