AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Tuberculosis (TB): Isoniazid is a cornerstone drug in the treatment of both active and latent tuberculosis infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids, essential components of the cell wall of the tuberculosis bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), thereby killing or inhibiting the growth of the bacteria.
Active Tuberculosis: Isoniazid is used as part of combination therapy, typically in conjunction with other first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs such as rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. This combination therapy is administered over a period of several months to effectively treat active TB disease.
Latent Tuberculosis: In individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), where the bacteria are present in the body but not actively causing symptoms, isoniazid may be prescribed as monotherapy for prophylaxis. This preventive treatment aims to prevent the progression of latent infection to active TB disease.
First-Line Anti-TB Drug: Isoniazid is considered one of the most effective and well-tolerated first-line drugs for the treatment of TB. It is included in the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended treatment regimens for both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Preventive Therapy: Isoniazid prophylaxis is commonly used in populations at high risk of developing active TB, such as close contacts of individuals with infectious TB, individuals with HIV infection, and others with certain medical conditions or risk factors.
Combination Therapy: Isoniazid is often administered in combination with other anti-tuberculosis medications to prevent the emergence of drug resistance and to improve treatment outcomes. Combination therapy reduces the likelihood of treatment failure and minimizes the risk of developing drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis bacteria.
Side Effects: While isoniazid is generally well-tolerated, it can cause adverse effects in some individuals. Common side effects include peripheral neuropathy (tingling or numbness in the hands and feet), hepatotoxicity (liver damage), gastrointestinal disturbances, and hypersensitivity reactions. To mitigate peripheral neuropathy, isoniazid is often co-administered with pyridoxine (vitamin B6).
Drug Interactions: Isoniazid may interact with other medications, particularly those metabolized by the liver, which can affect their efficacy or increase the risk of adverse effects. Healthcare providers should carefully assess potential drug interactions before prescribing isoniazid.
Monitoring: Patients receiving isoniazid therapy should be monitored regularly for signs of drug toxicity, including liver function tests and clinical assessments for peripheral neuropathy. Adequate follow-up and monitoring are essential for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of treatment.
Public Health Impact: The widespread use of isoniazid, along with other anti-tuberculosis drugs, has significantly contributed to the control and prevention of tuberculosis worldwide. It remains a critical component of TB control programs and initiatives aimed at reducing the global burden of this infectious disease.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| Taxonomy | Rank | Effect | Citations | Notation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unclassified Robinsoniella | no rank | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| unclassified Fusobacterium | no rank | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| unclassified Negativicoccus | no rank | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Eggerthellales | order | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Anaerofustis stercorihominis | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Asaccharospora irregularis | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Negativicoccus sp. S5-A15 | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Paraprevotella clara | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Slackia sp. NATTS | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| [Collinsella] massiliensis | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Parvibacter caecicola | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Coriobacterineae | suborder | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia group | superphylum | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Depression | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Mood Disorders | 0.3 | 0.3 |
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