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Antibacterial Activity: Sulfisoxazole works by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria. It achieves this by interfering with the synthesis of folic acid, which is essential for bacterial DNA and protein production. By inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, sulfisoxazole prevents the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to dihydropteroic acid, a crucial step in folic acid synthesis in bacteria.
Treatment of Bacterial Infections: Sulfisoxazole is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and certain types of skin infections. It is effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus.
Combination Therapy: Sulfisoxazole is often combined with other antibiotics, such as trimethoprim, to create synergistic effects. This combination is known as sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole or TMP-SMX) and is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and other bacterial infections.
Side Effects: Like other sulfonamide antibiotics, sulfisoxazole can cause various side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, allergic reactions (such as skin rash and itching), photosensitivity (increased sensitivity to sunlight), and hematological abnormalities (such as leukopenia and hemolytic anemia). Rare but serious adverse effects may include Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Drug Interactions: Sulfisoxazole may interact with other medications, including oral anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), oral hypoglycemic agents (e.g., sulfonylureas), and certain diuretics (e.g., thiazides). These interactions can affect the metabolism and efficacy of co-administered drugs and may require dosage adjustments or close monitoring.
Resistance: Prolonged or indiscriminate use of sulfisoxazole and other antibiotics can contribute to the development of bacterial resistance. It is essential to use sulfisoxazole judiciously and according to prescribed guidelines to minimize the emergence of resistant bacterial strains.
Medical Supervision: Sulfisoxazole should be used under the guidance and supervision of a qualified healthcare professional. Patients should follow the prescribed dosage and duration of treatment, even if their symptoms improve before completing the course of antibiotics.
Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
---|---|---|
species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
---|---|---|---|
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0 | 0 | |
Acne | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
ADHD | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.13 |
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.1 | 0.6 | -5 |
Allergies | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.06 |
Allergy to milk products | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2 |
Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
Alzheimer's disease | 1.3 | 2.4 | -0.85 |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.71 |
Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
Anorexia Nervosa | 1.2 | -1.2 | |
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
Asthma | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.2 |
Atherosclerosis | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
Atrial fibrillation | 1.7 | 0.3 | 4.67 |
Autism | 4.6 | 3.8 | 0.21 |
Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0 | 0 | |
Bipolar Disorder | 0.6 | 1.4 | -1.33 |
Brain Trauma | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
Carcinoma | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.58 |
Celiac Disease | 1 | 1.4 | -0.4 |
Cerebral Palsy | 0.4 | 1.1 | -1.75 |
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 3.7 | 2.9 | 0.28 |
Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.13 |
Chronic Lyme | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.5 | 0.7 | -0.4 |
Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.3 | 1.1 | -2.67 |
Colorectal Cancer | 1.3 | 0.2 | 5.5 |
Constipation | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
Coronary artery disease | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
COVID-19 | 5.5 | 7 | -0.27 |
Crohn's Disease | 2.9 | 2.3 | 0.26 |
cystic fibrosis | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
deep vein thrombosis | 0.1 | 0.7 | -6 |
Depression | 4.8 | 3.2 | 0.5 |
Dermatomyositis | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
Eczema | 0 | 0.7 | 0 |
Endometriosis | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
Epilepsy | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.22 |
Fibromyalgia | 0.9 | 1.4 | -0.56 |
Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.64 |
gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.7 | 0.9 | -0.29 |
Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.5 | 0.7 | -0.4 |
giant cell arteritis | 0 | 0 | |
Glioblastoma | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
Gout | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
Graves' disease | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
Halitosis | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
Histamine Issues,Mast Cell Issue, DAO Insufficiency | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.6 |
hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0 | 0.2 | 0 |
hyperglycemia | 0 | 0.9 | 0 |
Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
hypersomnia | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.1 | 2.1 | -0.91 |
Hypothyroidism | 1.4 | -1.4 | |
Hypoxia | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.8 | 3.3 | -0.83 |
Insomnia | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
Intelligence | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
Intracranial aneurysms | 0.9 | 0.1 | 8 |
Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.3 | 1.8 | -0.38 |
Liver Cirrhosis | 1.9 | 1.5 | 0.27 |
Long COVID | 4.4 | 4.7 | -0.07 |
Low bone mineral density | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
Lung Cancer | 0 | 1.1 | 0 |
ME/CFS with IBS | 1 | 1.7 | -0.7 |
ME/CFS without IBS | 1.7 | 0.2 | 7.5 |
Menopause | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
Metabolic Syndrome | 2.8 | 4 | -0.43 |
Mood Disorders | 6 | 3.7 | 0.62 |
multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
Multiple Sclerosis | 3.3 | 1.2 | 1.75 |
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.6 | 1 | -0.67 |
Neuropathy (all types) | 0.6 | 0 | 0 |
neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.7 | 3.1 | -3.43 |
NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Obesity | 2.8 | 2.2 | 0.27 |
obsessive-compulsive disorder | 3.4 | 1.5 | 1.27 |
Osteoarthritis | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
Osteoporosis | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.57 |
pancreatic cancer | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
Parkinson's Disease | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.23 |
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0 | 0.5 | 0 |
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
primary biliary cholangitis | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
Psoriasis | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1 |
rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 2.8 | 0.9 | 2.11 |
Rosacea | 0.9 | 0.1 | 8 |
Schizophrenia | 3 | 1.5 | 1 |
scoliosis | 0.4 | 0.8 | -1 |
Sjögren syndrome | 0.6 | 1.4 | -1.33 |
Sleep Apnea | 1.3 | 1.4 | -0.08 |
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.5 | 2 | -3 |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.33 |
Tic Disorder | 1.1 | 0.2 | 4.5 |
Tourette syndrome | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
Type 1 Diabetes | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.47 |
Type 2 Diabetes | 3.5 | 3.4 | 0.03 |
Ulcerative colitis | 0.9 | 2.2 | -1.44 |
Unhealthy Ageing | 3 | 0.7 | 3.29 |
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