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Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Piromidic acid is primarily used to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Mechanism of Action: Piromidic acid inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme essential for bacterial DNA replication and transcription. By interfering with DNA synthesis, piromidic acid disrupts bacterial growth and replication, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.
Bacterial Susceptibility: Piromidic acid is active against a range of Gram-negative bacteria commonly associated with urinary tract infections. However, its spectrum of activity is relatively narrow compared to newer generations of quinolone antibiotics.
Dosage and Administration: Piromidic acid is typically administered orally in the form of tablets. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the severity of the infection, the patient's age and renal function, and the susceptibility of the causative bacteria.
Side Effects: Common side effects of piromidic acid may include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort. Central nervous system effects such as headache, dizziness, and drowsiness may also occur. Photosensitivity reactions have been reported with prolonged use.
Renal Impairment: Piromidic acid is primarily eliminated by the kidneys, and dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with renal impairment to avoid drug accumulation and potential toxicity. Close monitoring of renal function is recommended during treatment.
Drug Interactions: Piromidic acid may interact with other medications, particularly those that affect renal function or are metabolized by the liver. Concurrent use of piromidic acid with certain drugs may increase the risk of adverse effects or reduce therapeutic efficacy.
Pregnancy and Lactation: The safety of piromidic acid during pregnancy and lactation has not been well established. It should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the fetus, and caution should be exercised when administering it to breastfeeding mothers.
Resistance: As with all antibiotics, the overuse or misuse of piromidic acid can lead to the development of bacterial resistance, reducing its effectiveness in treating infections. Therefore, it should be used judiciously and only when indicated.
Allergic Reactions: Patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to quinolone antibiotics should avoid piromidic acid. Allergic reactions such as rash, itching, and anaphylaxis may occur in susceptible individuals.
Monitoring: Patients receiving piromidic acid therapy should be monitored closely for signs of adverse effects, especially gastrointestinal disturbances and central nervous system effects. Renal function should be monitored regularly, particularly in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Allergies | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.67 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.1 | 0.5 | -4 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Asthma | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.5 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Autism | 2.4 | 1.1 | 1.18 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Carcinoma | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.7 | 0.1 | 6 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1.8 | 1.8 | |
| Constipation | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| COVID-19 | 2 | 1.3 | 0.54 |
| Crohn's Disease | 2.2 | 0.8 | 1.75 |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Depression | 2.4 | 1 | 1.4 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Eczema | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
| Endometriosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Epilepsy | 0.9 | 0.1 | 8 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.7 | 0.1 | 6 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Halitosis | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Histamine Issues,Mast Cell Issue, DAO Insufficiency | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1 | -1 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.9 | 1.1 | -0.22 |
| Insomnia | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Intelligence | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.2 | 0.2 | 5 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Long COVID | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.18 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.1 | 0.1 | 10 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.07 |
| Mood Disorders | 3.3 | 1.1 | 2 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 1.1 | 2 | -0.82 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Obesity | 0.8 | 0.9 | -0.13 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Osteoporosis | 0.8 | 0.1 | 7 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 0.3 | 0.9 | -2 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Psoriasis | 0.9 | 0.2 | 3.5 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 1.2 | 1.3 | -0.08 |
| Rosacea | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Schizophrenia | 1.7 | 0.5 | 2.4 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1 | 0.5 | 1 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1 | 0.1 | 9 |
| Tic Disorder | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.5 | 0.7 | -0.4 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 1.1 | 2 | -0.82 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.14 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 1.8 | 0.1 | 17 |
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