Leptospiraceae Details: NCBI 170, gram-negative or unknown [family]

| Leptospiraceae| Leptospiraceae Hovind-Hougen 1979 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Levett et al. 2005| Leptospiraceae Hovind-Houger (sic) 1978 (sic)| Treponemataceae| Treponemataceae Robinson 1948 (Approved Lists 1980)

1. Leptospirosis:

   • Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by various species of Leptospira. The bacteria are typically transmitted to humans through contact with water, soil, or food contaminated with the urine of infected animals, especially rodents.

2. Symptoms:

   • Leptospirosis can present with a wide range of symptoms, from mild to severe. Common symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, chills, and jaundice. In severe cases, it can lead to organ failure and even death.

3. Reservoir Hosts:

   • Leptospira bacteria maintain their life cycle in the renal tubules of reservoir hosts, which are often animals, especially rodents. Humans can become infected when they come into contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals.

4. Occupational Risk:

   • Certain occupations, such as farming, sewer workers, and veterinarians, may be at a higher risk of leptospirosis due to increased exposure to potentially contaminated environments.

5. Worldwide Distribution:

   • Leptospirosis is a globally distributed disease, and its prevalence can vary by region. Tropical and subtropical regions with warm and humid climates are often considered high-risk areas.

6. Prevention:

   • Prevention measures include avoiding contact with potentially contaminated water and soil, wearing protective clothing, and implementing rodent control measures. Vaccines are available for certain high-risk populations.

7. Diagnosis and Treatment:

   • Laboratory tests, such as serological tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are used to diagnose leptospirosis. Early antibiotic treatment with drugs like doxycycline or penicillin is effective in reducing the severity and duration of the illness.

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Other Sources for more information:

• Immune Epitope Database
• The NCBI taxonomy database
• UniProt
• Immune Epitope Taxonomy Database (IEDB)
• AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity  Kagi Labs  You 

More Information

Statistics

NCBI

Data Punk

End Products Produced

Lab Reporting

Different labs use different software to read the sample. See this post for more details.
One lab may say you have none, another may say you have a lot! - This may be solely due to the software they are using to estimate.
We deem lab specific values using values from the KM method for each specific lab to be the most reliable.

Desired Levels Suggestions for Leptospiraceae

• Frequency - how often do samples show this bacteria
• UD - An alternative statistical algorithm (which factors in the frequency)
• Kaltoft-Moldrup Heuristic Using uploaded data
• Lab Low and High are calculated using the formula that most labs use: Mean - 2 Standard Deviation to Mean + 2 Standard Deviation

These are values that are computed from lab specific samples (Patent Pending)

Lab	Frequency	UD-Low	UD-High	KM Low	KM High	Lab Low	Lab High	Mean	Median	Standard Deviation	Box Plot Low	Box Plot High	KM Percentile Low	KM Percentile High
Other Labs	0.44			8	300	0	342	105	22	121	8	300	8.3 %ile	83.3 %ile
biomesight	25.1	0	10	10	70	0	333	63.2	30	137.4	10	70	0 %ile	90.6 %ile
thorne	89.66			2	58	0	32	10.7	8	10.9	2	18	0 %ile	100 %ile
thryve	5.42	0	0	1	144	0	60	23.2	20	18.8	8	38	0 %ile	100 %ile

External Reference Ranges for Leptospiraceae

Leptospiraceae (NCBI 170) per million

Source of Ranges	Low Boundary	High Boundary	Low Boundary %age	High Boundary %age
Thorne (20/80%ile)	3.35	7.94	0.0003	0.0008

Statistic by Lab Source for Leptospiraceae

These desired values are reported from the lab reports

Lab	Frequency Seen	Average	Standard Deviation	Sample Count	Lab Samples
BiomeSight	26.03 %	0.006 %	0.013 %	771.0	2962
CerbaLab	66.667 %	0.001 %	0 %	2.0	3
custom	6.557 %	0.001 %	0.001 %	4.0	61
es-xenogene	13.793 %	0.024 %	0.004 %	4.0	29
Thorne	73.267 %	0.001 %	0.001 %	74.0	101
Thryve	4.968 %	0.002 %	0.002 %	69.0	1389
Tiny	50 %	0.001 %	%	1.0	2

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