Leptospira Details: NCBI 171, gram-negative or unknown [genus]

| Leptospira| Leptospira Noguchi 1917 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Faine and Stallman 1982

1. Leptospirosis:

   • Leptospirosis is caused by various species within the Leptospira genus, with Leptospira interrogans being one of the most common pathogenic species. The bacteria are shed in the urine of infected animals, and humans can become infected through contact with contaminated water, soil, or by direct exposure to the urine of infected animals.

2. Symptoms:

   • Leptospirosis can present with a wide range of symptoms, from mild to severe. Early symptoms may include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and eye redness. In severe cases, the disease can progress to more severe symptoms, including jaundice, kidney failure, and respiratory distress.

3. Transmission:

   • Humans can contract leptospirosis through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals, such as rodents, cattle, pigs, and dogs. Occupational groups with increased risk include farmers, sewage workers, and individuals involved in water-related activities.

4. Prevention:

   • Prevention strategies include avoiding contact with potentially contaminated water or soil, wearing protective clothing, and practicing good hygiene. Vaccination is available for certain high-risk populations.

5. Diagnosis and Treatment:

   • Leptospirosis is diagnosed through laboratory testing of blood or other bodily fluids. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics such as doxycycline or penicillin are important for a favorable outcome.

6. Global Distribution:

   • Leptospirosis is more prevalent in regions with warm climates and high rainfall, where conditions favor the survival of the bacteria in the environment. However, cases can occur in a variety of settings.

7. Public Health Impact:

   • Leptospirosis is considered a neglected tropical disease and can have a significant impact on public health, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation and water infrastructure.

8. Animal Reservoirs:

   • Various animals serve as reservoirs for Leptospira, with rodents being a common source of infection. Livestock, dogs, and wildlife can also carry and transmit the bacteria.

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Other Sources for more information:

• Immune Epitope Database
• The NCBI taxonomy database
• UniProt
• Immune Epitope Taxonomy Database (IEDB)
• AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity  Kagi Labs  You 

More Information

Statistics

NCBI

Data Punk

End Products Produced

Lab Reporting

Different labs use different software to read the sample. See this post for more details.
One lab may say you have none, another may say you have a lot! - This may be solely due to the software they are using to estimate.
We deem lab specific values using values from the KM method for each specific lab to be the most reliable.

Desired Levels Suggestions for Leptospira

• Frequency - how often do samples show this bacteria
• UD - An alternative statistical algorithm (which factors in the frequency)
• Kaltoft-Moldrup Heuristic Using uploaded data
• Lab Low and High are calculated using the formula that most labs use: Mean - 2 Standard Deviation to Mean + 2 Standard Deviation

These are values that are computed from lab specific samples (Patent Pending)

Lab	Frequency	UD-Low	UD-High	KM Low	KM High	Lab Low	Lab High	Mean	Median	Standard Deviation	Box Plot Low	Box Plot High	KM Percentile Low	KM Percentile High
Other Labs	0.35			5	230	0	327	114.3	115	108.6	5	230	10 %ile	80 %ile
biomesight	25.1	0	10	10	70	0	333	63.2	30	137.4	10	70	0 %ile	90.6 %ile
thorne	89.66			1	20	0	18	8.2	7	5	1	17	0 %ile	100 %ile
thryve	2.35			7	35	2	39	20.4	20	9.3	2	38	0 %ile	100 %ile

External Reference Ranges for Leptospira

Leptospira (NCBI 171) per million

Source of Ranges	Low Boundary	High Boundary	Low Boundary %age	High Boundary %age
Thorne (20/80%ile)	2.15	6.28	0.0002	0.0006

Statistic by Lab Source for Leptospira

These desired values are reported from the lab reports

Lab	Frequency Seen	Average	Standard Deviation	Sample Count	Lab Samples
BiomeSight	26.003 %	0.006 %	0.013 %	771.0	2965
CerbaLab	66.667 %	0.001 %	0 %	2.0	3
custom	3.279 %	0.002 %	0.002 %	2.0	61
es-xenogene	13.793 %	0.021 %	0.002 %	4.0	29
Thorne	73.077 %	0.001 %	0 %	76.0	104
Thryve	2.299 %	0.002 %	0.001 %	32.0	1392

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