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🍽️ mephenytoin,(prescription)

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  1. Anticonvulsant Activity: Mephenytoin works by stabilizing the neuronal membranes and reducing the spread of abnormal electrical activity in the brain, thereby preventing or reducing the occurrence of seizures. It is particularly effective in treating certain types of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and partial seizures.

  2. Epilepsy Management: Mephenytoin is indicated for the long-term management of epilepsy, including both newly diagnosed and refractory cases where other antiepileptic drugs have proven ineffective. It may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other anticonvulsant medications to achieve optimal seizure control.

  3. Pharmacokinetics: Mephenytoin is well-absorbed after oral administration and reaches peak plasma concentrations within 1 to 3 hours. It undergoes hepatic metabolism via the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, primarily CYP2C19, and is predominantly excreted in the urine as metabolites. Individual variations in the metabolism of mephenytoin, particularly due to genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C19, can influence its efficacy and tolerability.

  4. Side Effects: Common side effects of mephenytoin may include dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, headache, and gastrointestinal disturbances. These side effects are often dose-dependent and may diminish with continued use or dosage adjustment. However, more serious adverse effects such as allergic reactions, skin rashes, liver toxicity, hematological abnormalities, and neurological symptoms (e.g., ataxia, tremor) may occur rarely and require medical attention.

  5. Drug Interactions: Mephenytoin has significant interactions with various medications due to its induction of hepatic enzymes, particularly CYP450 enzymes. It can accelerate the metabolism of many drugs, leading to reduced efficacy or increased toxicity. Conversely, certain drugs may inhibit the metabolism of mephenytoin, resulting in elevated plasma concentrations and potential toxicity. Close monitoring and dose adjustments may be necessary when mephenytoin is coadministered with other drugs.

  6. Monitoring: Patients taking mephenytoin require regular monitoring of serum drug levels to ensure therapeutic efficacy and minimize the risk of toxicity. Blood tests may also be performed to assess liver function, hematological parameters, and other relevant laboratory values.

  7. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Mephenytoin should be used with caution in pregnant women, as it may pose risks to the developing fetus, including teratogenic effects and neonatal withdrawal syndrome. Breastfeeding should be avoided during mephenytoin therapy due to the potential excretion of the drug into breast milk.

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βš—οΈ Compensation for antibiotic usage

Data Contradictions β€” Limits of Certainity

Impacted of mephenytoin,(prescription) On Probiotics

Rank Probiotic Impact
species Bacteroides uniformis Reduces
species Escherichia coli Reduces
species Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Reduces

Bacteria Impacted by mephenytoin,(prescription)

We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.

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Taxonomy Rank Effect Citations Notation
Coprococcus genus Decreases 👪 Source Study
Bilophila genus Decreases 👪 Source Study High Level Cause Brain Fog(Cognitive impairment)
Lacticaseibacillus genus Decreases 👪 Source Study
Dorea genus Decreases 👪 Source Study
Escherichia genus Decreases 👪 Source Study
Fusobacterium genus Decreases 👪 Source Study Periodontal disease, Lemierre syndrome, skin ulcers
Parabacteroides genus Decreases 👪 Source Study BMI, fat percent,blood pressure
Phocaeicola genus Decreases 👪 Source Study
Bacteroides genus Decreases 👪 Source Study
Clostridium genus Decreases 👪 Source Study Pathogen
Segatella genus Decreases 👪 Source Study
Roseburia genus Decreases 👪 Source Study
Streptococcus genus Decreases 👪 Source Study
Mediterraneibacter genus Decreases 👪 Source Study
Thomasclavelia genus Decreases 👪 Source Study
Agathobacter genus Decreases 👪 Source Study
Escherichia coli O1:K1:H7 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O139:H1 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O141:H4 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O145:H34 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O15:H12 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O155:H21 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O158:H23 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O16:H48 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O170:H18 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O18ac:H14 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O19:H7 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O2:K1:H4 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O2:K1:H5 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O2:K1:H7 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O20:H12 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O25:H16 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O55:H7 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O68:H12 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O7:H15 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O78:H51 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O80:H26 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O84:H7 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O85:H1 no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Clostridium perfringens A no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Clostridium perfringens B no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Clostridium perfringens D no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Clostridium perfringens E no rank Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O121 serogroup Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O145 serogroup Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O155 serogroup Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O157 serogroup Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O177 serogroup Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O26 serogroup Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O3 serogroup Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O43 serogroup Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O78 serogroup Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O86 serogroup Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O91 serogroup Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli H20 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O1:H42 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O1:HNT serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O10:H32 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O100:H21 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O103:H2 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O104:H4 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O111:H- serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O111:H8 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O111:NM serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O112ab:H8 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O112ac:H19 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O113:H21 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O114:H49 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O121:H19 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O125ac:K+:H10 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O126:H45 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O127:H6 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O128ac:H12 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O139:H28 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O145:H25 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O145:H28 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O145:NM serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O15:H18 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O150:H6 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O152:H23 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O157:H- serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O157:H43 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O157:H7 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study bloody diarrhea
Escherichia coli O16:H6 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O167:H26 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O174:H21 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O176:H45 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O2:H6 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O2:K2:H1 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O25:H1 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O25:NM serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O26:H11 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O44:H18 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O45:H2 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O6:H16 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O6:K2:H1 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O7:H4 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O7:K1 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O78:H4 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O8:H8 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O89m:H10 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O89m:H9 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O9:H10 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Escherichia coli O99:H6 serotype Decreases 👶 Source Study
Coprococcus comes species Decreases 📓 Source Study
Bilophila wadsworthia species Decreases 📓 Source Study
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei species Decreases 📓 Source Study
Dorea formicigenerans species Decreases 📓 Source Study
Escherichia coli species Decreases 📓 Source Study Diarrheal disease in children and travelers, Foodborne diarrhea outbreaks, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Bacteroides xylanisolvens species Decreases 📓 Source Study
Fusobacterium nucleatum species Decreases 📓 Source Study Infectious bacteria
Parabacteroides merdae species Decreases 📓 Source Study Infectious bacteria
Phocaeicola vulgatus species Decreases 📓 Source Study
Bacteroides fragilis species Decreases 📓 Source Study H02076 Bacteroides infection
Bacteroides uniformis species Decreases 📓 Source Study Infectious bacteria
Clostridium perfringens species Decreases 📓 Source Study Food poisoning, gas gangrene
Segatella copri species Decreases 📓 Source Study Over 70%ile Indicator of mycotoxin present
Roseburia hominis species Decreases 📓 Source Study
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron species Decreases 📓 Source Study
Streptococcus salivarius species Decreases 📓 Source Study Infectious bacteria
Streptococcus parasanguinis species Decreases 📓 Source Study
Roseburia intestinalis species Decreases 📓 Source Study
Mediterraneibacter gnavus species Decreases 📓 Source Study
Thomasclavelia ramosa species Decreases 📓 Source Study
Agathobacter rectalis species Decreases 📓 Source Study
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei subspecies Decreases 👶 Source Study
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans subspecies Decreases 👶 Source Study
Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum subspecies Decreases 👶 Source Study

Impact of mephenytoin,(prescription) on Conditions from US National Library of Medicine

A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.

We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive   X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.

Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.

Condition Positive Impact Negative Impact Benefit Ratio Impact
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 0.5 0.5
ADHD 0.7 0.5 0.4
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma 0.4 0.2 1
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) 0.8 0.8
Allergies 1.6 0.3 4.33
Allergy to milk products 0.8 0.5 0.6
Alopecia (Hair Loss) 0.3 0.3
Alzheimer's disease 2.3 2.1 0.1
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron 1.4 0.6 1.33
Ankylosing spondylitis 1.5 0.4 2.75
Anorexia Nervosa 0.2 0.3 -0.5
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) 0.9 0.5 0.8
Asthma 0.1 0.2 -1
Atherosclerosis 0.2 0.2 0
Atrial fibrillation 1.2 1.3 -0.08
Autism 2.6 2.9 -0.12
Barrett esophagus cancer 0.2 0.1 1
benign prostatic hyperplasia 0.3 0.3
Biofilm 1.2 1.2
Bipolar Disorder 1.1 0.5 1.2
Brain Trauma 0.2 -0.2
Cancer (General) 0.9 -0.9
Carcinoma 1.5 0.7 1.14
Celiac Disease 1.1 1.1 0
Cerebral Palsy 0.1 0.2 -1
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1.7 4.3 -1.53
Chronic Kidney Disease 0.7 0.5 0.4
Chronic Lyme 0.2 -0.2
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 0.5 0.5 0
Chronic Urticaria (Hives) 1.1 0.4 1.75
Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria 1.2 0.1 11
Colorectal Cancer 2.3 0 0
Constipation 0.8 0.1 7
Coronary artery disease 0.1 0.5 -4
COVID-19 3 2.9 0.03
Crohn's Disease 3.8 1.7 1.24
cystic fibrosis 0.9 0.2 3.5
deep vein thrombosis 0.9 0.1 8
Depression 2.3 3.3 -0.43
Dermatomyositis 0.1 0.1
Eczema 0.4 0.5 -0.25
Endometriosis 2.1 2.1
Eosinophilic Esophagitis 0.2 0.2
Epilepsy 1 0.7 0.43
Fibromyalgia 1.1 1.5 -0.36
Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation 2 1.2 0.67
gallstone disease (gsd) 0.9 0.3 2
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus 0.8 0.1 7
Generalized anxiety disorder 1.2 0.7 0.71
giant cell arteritis 0.1 -0.1
Glioblastoma 0.1 -0.1
Gout 0.5 -0.5
Graves' disease 0.3 0.4 -0.33
Halitosis 0.3 0.1 2
Hashimoto's thyroiditis 0.5 0.6 -0.2
Hidradenitis Suppurativa 0.7 0.7
High Histamine/low DAO 0.9 0.9
hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) 0.1 0.1
hyperglycemia 0.3 0.3 0
hypersomnia 0.5 -0.5
hypertension (High Blood Pressure 0.7 1.7 -1.43
Hypothyroidism 0.5 -0.5
Hypoxia 0.3 0.3
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 0.7 -0.7
Inflammatory Bowel Disease 1.6 1.3 0.23
Insomnia 0.2 0.2 0
Intelligence 0.8 0.2 3
Intracranial aneurysms 0.3 0.3
Irritable Bowel Syndrome 1.3 0.9 0.44
Liver Cirrhosis 2.3 1.6 0.44
Long COVID 2.4 2 0.2
Low bone mineral density 0.5 -0.5
Lung Cancer 0.3 0.3 0
Mast Cell Issues / mastitis 0.4 0.5 -0.25
ME/CFS with IBS 0.1 1.7 -16
ME/CFS without IBS 0.2 1.1 -4.5
Metabolic Syndrome 3.3 3 0.1
Mood Disorders 3.4 3.3 0.03
multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] 0.2 0.2
Multiple Sclerosis 1.5 1.2 0.25
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) 0.2 0.2
neuropathic pain 0.3 -0.3
Neuropathy (all types) 0.1 0.3 -2
neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) 0.6 0.6
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic 1 0.6 0.67
NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity 0.1 -0.1
Obesity 3 2.1 0.43
obsessive-compulsive disorder 2.1 1.2 0.75
Osteoarthritis 0.7 0.7
Osteoporosis 0.5 0.1 4
pancreatic cancer 0.1 0.1
Parkinson's Disease 2.7 1.8 0.5
Polycystic ovary syndrome 1.1 0.1 10
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome 0.1 0.5 -4
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder 0.2 -0.2
primary biliary cholangitis 0.3 0.2 0.5
Psoriasis 1.7 1 0.7
rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) 2.6 1.6 0.63
Rosacea 0.1 -0.1
Schizophrenia 1.7 0.6 1.83
scoliosis 0.5 0.5 0
Sjögren syndrome 0.7 0.9 -0.29
Sleep Apnea 0.7 0.7 0
Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis 0.7 0.7
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) 0.9 0.9
Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder 1.6 0.7 1.29
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 2.2 0.1 21
Tic Disorder 0.3 0.5 -0.67
Tourette syndrome 0.1 -0.1
Type 1 Diabetes 2 0.5 3
Type 2 Diabetes 3.5 3.1 0.13
Ulcerative colitis 1.9 2.1 -0.11
Unhealthy Ageing 2.4 0.5 3.8
Vitiligo 0.3 1.2 -3

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