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Antidepressant Effects: Mirtazapine works by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, which are involved in regulating mood. By enhancing the activity of these neurotransmitters, mirtazapine helps alleviate symptoms of depression, including persistent sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and difficulty concentrating.
Sedative Effects: Mirtazapine has sedative properties, and it is often prescribed to individuals who have trouble sleeping due to depression or anxiety. It can promote sleep by increasing the duration of slow-wave sleep and improving sleep continuity. However, sedation is a common side effect of mirtazapine and may contribute to daytime drowsiness or fatigue in some individuals.
Appetite Stimulation: Unlike many other antidepressants, mirtazapine has appetite-stimulating effects, which can lead to weight gain in some individuals. This can be beneficial for patients who have experienced weight loss or appetite suppression as a result of depression. However, it may also contribute to unwanted weight gain, particularly in the long term.
Side Effects: Common side effects of mirtazapine may include drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, increased appetite, weight gain, constipation, and blurred vision. These side effects are usually mild and transient, but they may persist or become bothersome for some individuals. In rare cases, mirtazapine may also cause more serious side effects, such as allergic reactions, seizures, or changes in heart rhythm.
Discontinuation Syndrome: As with many antidepressant medications, abrupt discontinuation of mirtazapine can lead to withdrawal symptoms known as discontinuation syndrome. These symptoms may include flu-like symptoms, dizziness, headache, nausea, irritability, insomnia, and sensory disturbances. To minimize the risk of discontinuation syndrome, mirtazapine should be tapered gradually under medical supervision when discontinuing treatment.
Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: Like other antidepressants, mirtazapine carries a black box warning regarding the increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, particularly in children, adolescents, and young adults. Patients and caregivers should be alert for changes in mood or behavior, worsening depression, or emergence of suicidal thoughts, especially at the beginning of treatment or following dosage adjustments.
Interactions: Mirtazapine may interact with other medications, including other antidepressants, sedatives, antipsychotics, and medications that affect serotonin levels, increasing the risk of serotonin syndrome. It may also interact with certain drugs metabolized by the liver enzyme CYP2D6. Patients should inform their healthcare providers about all medications, supplements, and herbal products they are taking to avoid potential drug interactions.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0 | 0 | |
| ADHD | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Allergies | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.7 | 0.1 | 6 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0 | 0 | |
| Asthma | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Autism | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.14 |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Brain Trauma | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Carcinoma | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.3 | 1.1 | -2.67 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Colorectal Cancer | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Constipation | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0 | 0 | |
| COVID-19 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Crohn's Disease | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Depression | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.29 |
| Eczema | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Endometriosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Epilepsy | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Halitosis | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0 | 0 | |
| Histamine Issues,Mast Cell Issue, DAO Insufficiency | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| hypersomnia | 0 | 0 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Hypoxia | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.2 | 1 | -4 |
| Insomnia | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Intelligence | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.1 | 0.5 | -4 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1 |
| Long COVID | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.2 | 0.7 | -2.5 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 0.5 | 0.7 | -0.4 |
| Mood Disorders | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.57 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.2 | 1.3 | -5.5 |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Obesity | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Osteoporosis | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Parkinson's Disease | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Psoriasis | 0.2 | 0.9 | -3.5 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Rosacea | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Schizophrenia | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4 |
| scoliosis | 0 | 0 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Tic Disorder | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
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