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Hypertension: Fosinopril is indicated for the management of hypertension, either alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. It works by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), thereby reducing the production of angiotensin II, a substance that causes blood vessels to narrow, resulting in lower blood pressure.
Heart Failure: Fosinopril may also be prescribed for the treatment of heart failure, especially in patients who cannot tolerate angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors). By dilating blood vessels and reducing the workload on the heart, fosinopril can help improve symptoms and increase exercise tolerance in heart failure patients.
Diabetic Nephropathy: Fosinopril is sometimes used in diabetic patients with proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine) to delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy (kidney disease). By reducing blood pressure and intraglomerular pressure, fosinopril can help protect the kidneys from further damage.
Post-Myocardial Infarction: In some cases, fosinopril may be prescribed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke, in patients who have had a myocardial infarction (heart attack). This is particularly beneficial in patients with left ventricular dysfunction or heart failure following a heart attack.
Administration: Fosinopril is typically taken orally in the form of tablets. The dosage may vary depending on the patient's condition and response to treatment. It is usually taken once daily, with or without food.
Adverse Effects: Common side effects of fosinopril include dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, dry cough, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash. These side effects are usually mild and transient. However, patients should notify their healthcare provider if they experience severe or persistent side effects.
Angioedema: Like other ACE inhibitors, fosinopril can rarely cause angioedema, a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by swelling of the face, lips, tongue, throat, or extremities. Patients should seek immediate medical attention if they experience signs or symptoms of angioedema.
Hyperkalemia: Fosinopril can cause hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) in some patients, especially those with kidney impairment or concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics or potassium supplements. Regular monitoring of potassium levels is recommended during fosinopril therapy.
Renal Impairment: Fosinopril should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment, as it can further decrease renal function, particularly in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis or severe congestive heart failure.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Fosinopril is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the potential risk of fetal harm, including fetal death and congenital malformations. It should also be avoided in breastfeeding women, as it may be excreted in breast milk and could harm the nursing infant.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| ADHD | 2.2 | 0.1 | 21 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Allergies | 1 | 0.8 | 0.25 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 2.4 | 3.5 | -0.46 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 2.5 | 0.6 | 3.17 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.2 | 0.9 | -3.5 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 1.4 | 0.5 | 1.8 |
| Asthma | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.2 | 1.5 | -6.5 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.4 | 2 | -0.43 |
| Autism | 3.6 | 4.9 | -0.36 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Biofilm | 1.8 | 1.8 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Cancer (General) | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Carcinoma | 1.9 | 0.9 | 1.11 |
| Celiac Disease | 2 | 1.3 | 0.54 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 2.4 | 5.1 | -1.13 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.8 | 1.3 | -0.63 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 2.2 | 0.4 | 4.5 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.9 | 1.5 | -0.67 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.71 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 3.7 | 0.4 | 8.25 |
| Constipation | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| COVID-19 | 3.2 | 6.7 | -1.09 |
| Crohn's Disease | 4.4 | 3 | 0.47 |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.5 | 0.7 | -0.4 |
| Depression | 5.5 | 3.9 | 0.41 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Eczema | 0.4 | 1.8 | -3.5 |
| Endometriosis | 1.5 | 0.4 | 2.75 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Epilepsy | 1.7 | 0.7 | 1.43 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.8 | 2 | -1.5 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 2.8 | 2.1 | 0.33 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 1.5 | 0.4 | 2.75 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.25 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Gout | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Halitosis | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.5 | 0.7 | -0.4 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.2 | 0.5 | -1.5 |
| hypersomnia | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.1 | 2.7 | -1.45 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.9 | -1.9 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 2.9 | 4.7 | -0.62 |
| Insomnia | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Intelligence | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.2 | 2 | -0.67 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.67 |
| Long COVID | 3.3 | 2.5 | 0.32 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 3.7 | 4.3 | -0.16 |
| Mood Disorders | 6 | 3.9 | 0.54 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 2.9 | 4.2 | -0.45 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| neuropathic pain | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.4 | 1.6 | -0.14 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Obesity | 2.8 | 2.6 | 0.08 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 3.3 | 2.2 | 0.5 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Osteoporosis | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 3.4 | 3.8 | -0.12 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| Psoriasis | 1.4 | 2.4 | -0.71 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 3.3 | 1.9 | 0.74 |
| Rosacea | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Schizophrenia | 2.1 | 0.4 | 4.25 |
| scoliosis | 0.1 | 0.5 | -4 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 2 | 1.6 | 0.25 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1 | 1 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 3.1 | 0.6 | 4.17 |
| Tic Disorder | 1 | 0.8 | 0.25 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 2.3 | 1.3 | 0.77 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 4.3 | 3.9 | 0.1 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.5 | 3.8 | -1.53 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 3.3 | 1.6 | 1.06 |
| Vitiligo | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.2 |
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