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Bronchodilation: Levalbuterol is a selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist, which means it acts on beta-2 receptors in the lungs to relax the smooth muscles of the airways. This bronchodilator effect helps to relieve bronchospasm, improve airflow, and ease breathing in individuals with asthma and COPD.
Asthma: Levalbuterol is indicated for the treatment and prevention of bronchospasm in patients with asthma, including exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). It is commonly used as a rescue inhaler (short-acting bronchodilator) to provide rapid relief of acute asthma symptoms, such as wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
COPD: Levalbuterol may also be used in the management of COPD, particularly in patients experiencing acute exacerbations characterized by bronchospasm. It can help alleviate symptoms such as breathlessness and improve lung function in individuals with COPD.
Nebulization Therapy: Levalbuterol is available in solution form for nebulization, which is often used in hospitalized patients or those with severe respiratory symptoms. Nebulized levalbuterol delivers the medication directly to the lungs, providing quick relief of bronchospasm.
Reduced Side Effects: Compared to racemic albuterol (which contains both R and S enantiomers), levalbuterol consists of only the R-enantiomer of albuterol. Some studies suggest that levalbuterol may have a lower risk of certain cardiovascular side effects (such as tachycardia and palpitations) compared to racemic albuterol. However, this difference may not be clinically significant for all patients.
Adverse Effects: Common side effects of levalbuterol hydrochloride may include headache, tremor, nervousness, palpitations, tachycardia (rapid heart rate), dry mouth, throat irritation, and muscle cramps. These side effects are usually mild and transient.
Contraindications: Levalbuterol is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to albuterol or any other component of the formulation. It should be used with caution in patients with certain cardiovascular disorders, such as arrhythmias, hypertension, or coronary artery disease.
Drug Interactions: Levalbuterol may interact with other medications, including beta-blockers, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and certain antihypertensive drugs. These interactions may potentiate or diminish the effects of levalbuterol or increase the risk of adverse effects.
Dosage and Administration: The dosage of levalbuterol hydrochloride depends on factors such as the patient's age, severity of symptoms, and response to treatment. It is typically administered via inhalation using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) or a nebulizer device. Patients should follow the instructions provided by their healthcare provider for proper inhaler technique.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Allergies | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 0.2 | 0.5 | -1.5 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Asthma | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Autism | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.56 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.7 | 1.2 | -0.71 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Constipation | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
| COVID-19 | 1.1 | 2 | -0.82 |
| Crohn's Disease | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Depression | 0.7 | 1.8 | -1.57 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Eczema | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Endometriosis | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Epilepsy | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.2 | 0.7 | -2.5 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Gout | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Halitosis | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Histamine Issues,Mast Cell Issue, DAO Insufficiency | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| hyperglycemia | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.1 | 1.3 | -0.18 |
| Insomnia | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Intelligence | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Long COVID | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.13 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0 | 0 | |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.1 | 0.6 | -5 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1 |
| Mood Disorders | 1.1 | 1.8 | -0.64 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Obesity | 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.89 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.4 | 0.8 | -1 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Osteoporosis | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Psoriasis | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 1.7 | 0.7 | 1.43 |
| Rosacea | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Schizophrenia | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| scoliosis | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.2 | 0.7 | -2.5 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.8 | 0.1 | 7 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 1.8 | 1 | 0.8 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
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