AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Treatment of ADHD: Guanfacine hydrochloride is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years. It may be used alone or in combination with other ADHD medications.
Mechanism of Action: Guanfacine hydrochloride belongs to a class of medications known as alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. It works by stimulating alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the brain, which leads to the inhibition of norepinephrine release. This action helps improve attention, impulse control, and hyperactivity symptoms associated with ADHD.
Reduction of Blood Pressure: Guanfacine hydrochloride is also used off-label or sometimes as a second-line agent for the treatment of hypertension in adults. It works by reducing sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system, resulting in decreased peripheral vascular resistance and a subsequent reduction in blood pressure.
Extended-Release Formulations: Extended-release formulations of guanfacine hydrochloride, such as Intuniv and Intuniv XR, provide a gradual release of the medication over time, allowing for once-daily dosing. This may improve medication adherence and reduce the risk of side effects compared to immediate-release formulations.
Dosage and Administration: The dosage of guanfacine hydrochloride varies depending on the condition being treated, the patient's age, weight, and individual response to the medication. It is typically taken orally, with or without food, and the dosage is usually titrated gradually to achieve the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing side effects.
Common Side Effects: Common side effects of guanfacine hydrochloride include drowsiness, fatigue, headache, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, and abdominal pain. These side effects are usually mild to moderate in severity and may improve with continued use or dose adjustment.
Cardiovascular Effects: Guanfacine hydrochloride may cause changes in heart rate and blood pressure, particularly during the initial titration period. Blood pressure and heart rate should be monitored regularly, especially in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.
Central Nervous System Effects: Some individuals may experience central nervous system side effects such as sedation, lethargy, or mood changes while taking guanfacine hydrochloride. Patients should be advised to use caution when driving or operating heavy machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
Withdrawal Symptoms: Abrupt discontinuation of guanfacine hydrochloride after long-term use may lead to withdrawal symptoms such as rebound hypertension, tachycardia (rapid heart rate), and worsening ADHD symptoms. Therefore, the medication should be tapered off gradually under medical supervision when discontinuing treatment.
Contraindications and Precautions: Guanfacine hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the medication or severe bradycardia (slow heart rate). It should be used with caution in patients with hepatic impairment, renal impairment, or a history of syncope (fainting).
Interaction with Other Medications: Guanfacine hydrochloride may interact with other medications, particularly those that affect blood pressure or central nervous system function. Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and herbal products they are taking before starting guanfacine hydrochloride.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Acne | 0 | 0 | |
| ADHD | 1.6 | 0.2 | 7 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.9 | 0.1 | 8 |
| Allergies | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.25 |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.3 | 2.7 | -1.08 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.29 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 2 | 0.5 | 3 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.1 | 0.7 | -6 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 1.7 | 0.2 | 7.5 |
| Asthma | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.25 |
| Autism | 2.8 | 3.5 | -0.25 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.14 |
| Brain Trauma | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Celiac Disease | 1.6 | 1 | 0.6 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 2.4 | 1.7 | 0.41 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.8 | 0.9 | -0.13 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.13 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 2 | 0.3 | 5.67 |
| Constipation | 0.7 | 0.1 | 6 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| COVID-19 | 3.9 | 4.2 | -0.08 |
| Crohn's Disease | 3.4 | 1.7 | 1 |
| cystic fibrosis | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| Depression | 2.9 | 3.3 | -0.14 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Eczema | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Endometriosis | 1.7 | 0.5 | 2.4 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
| Epilepsy | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.2 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.5 | 1.4 | -1.8 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 2.8 | 1.5 | 0.87 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 1 | 0.2 | 4 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 1 | 0.2 | 4 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.17 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Gout | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Halitosis | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.5 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Histamine Issues,Mast Cell Issue, DAO Insufficiency | 1.4 | 0.4 | 2.5 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0 | 0 | |
| hypersomnia | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.8 | 1.2 | -0.5 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 2.4 | -2.4 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.9 | 2.6 | -0.37 |
| Insomnia | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| Intelligence | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 2.7 | 1.9 | 0.42 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.9 | 1.4 | 0.36 |
| Long COVID | 3.4 | 2 | 0.7 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.5 |
| Menopause | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 2.9 | 2 | 0.45 |
| Mood Disorders | 4.3 | 3.3 | 0.3 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 1 | 2.3 | -1.3 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1 | 1.1 | -0.1 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0 | 0 | |
| Obesity | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.57 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 3.3 | 1.4 | 1.36 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis | 1.1 | 0.2 | 4.5 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 1.3 | 2.2 | -0.69 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Psoriasis | 1.8 | 1 | 0.8 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 2.1 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
| Rosacea | 0 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Schizophrenia | 2.2 | 0.4 | 4.5 |
| scoliosis | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 2.3 | 0.9 | 1.56 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.9 | 0.1 | 8 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.4 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 2.2 | 0.2 | 10 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.1 | 0.5 | -4 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 2.4 | 0.5 | 3.8 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 2.9 | 3.1 | -0.07 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.5 | 2.3 | -0.53 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 2.2 | 0.9 | 1.44 |
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