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Antidepressant Effects: Moclobemide is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA), which increases the availability of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. By enhancing neurotransmitter levels, moclobemide helps alleviate symptoms of depression, including persistent sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, changes in appetite or sleep patterns, and feelings of worthlessness or guilt.
Selective MAO-A Inhibition: Unlike older monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), which non-selectively inhibit both MAO-A and MAO-B enzymes, moclobemide selectively inhibits MAO-A. This selective inhibition reduces the risk of tyramine-induced hypertensive crises commonly associated with non-selective MAOIs, making moclobemide a safer option for many patients.
Rapid Onset of Action: Moclobemide has a relatively fast onset of action compared to some other antidepressants, with noticeable improvements in mood and energy levels often occurring within the first few weeks of treatment. This rapid response can be beneficial for individuals experiencing severe depressive symptoms or suicidal thoughts.
Low Risk of Drug Interactions: Moclobemide has a lower propensity for drug interactions compared to non-selective MAOIs, as it does not significantly inhibit the metabolism of tyramine-containing foods or other medications. However, caution should still be exercised when combining moclobemide with certain drugs, including sympathomimetic agents and serotoninergic medications, to avoid potential adverse effects.
Side Effects: Common side effects of moclobemide may include nausea, dizziness, headache, insomnia, agitation, and gastrointestinal disturbances. These side effects are generally mild and transient, but some individuals may experience more pronounced reactions requiring dose adjustments or discontinuation of the medication.
Safety Profile: Moclobemide is generally well-tolerated and has a favorable safety profile compared to older MAOIs. It is associated with a lower risk of serious adverse effects such as hypertensive crises, serotonin syndrome, and hepatotoxicity, although these risks cannot be entirely ruled out.
Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder: Moclobemide has also been investigated for the treatment of social anxiety disorder (social phobia) and has demonstrated efficacy in reducing social anxiety symptoms and improving social functioning in some studies. It may be considered as an alternative treatment option for individuals with social anxiety who do not respond adequately to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).
Individualized Treatment: The selection of antidepressant medication, including moclobemide, should be based on individual patient characteristics, treatment history, preferences, and tolerability. Patients should be closely monitored during treatment initiation and dose adjustments to ensure optimal response and minimize the risk of adverse effects.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ADHD | 2.5 | 0.5 | 4 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.5 | 1.7 | -2.4 |
| Allergies | 2.8 | 1.5 | 0.87 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.3 | 3 | -1.31 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 2.1 | 0.7 | 2 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.7 | 0.7 | 1.43 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 1 | -1 | |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Asthma | 1 | 1.3 | -0.3 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.7 | 1.1 | -0.57 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.8 | 0.6 | 2 |
| Autism | 5.3 | 4.7 | 0.13 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.2 | 1.1 | -4.5 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| Carcinoma | 2 | 1.6 | 0.25 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.9 | 2.8 | -2.11 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.38 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 3 | 2.9 | 0.03 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.5 | 0.7 | -0.4 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.1 | 0.8 | -7 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Constipation | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.8 | 0.9 | -0.13 |
| COVID-19 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 0.05 |
| Crohn's Disease | 3.3 | 2.7 | 0.22 |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Depression | 5.4 | 4.7 | 0.15 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Eczema | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Endometriosis | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Epilepsy | 1.6 | 1.8 | -0.13 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.6 | 1.9 | -0.19 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.3 | 1 | -2.33 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.8 | 1.3 | -0.63 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Gout | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.8 | 1 | -0.25 |
| Halitosis | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 2.3 | 0.5 | 3.6 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Histamine Issues,Mast Cell Issue, DAO Insufficiency | 1.9 | 0.7 | 1.71 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| hyperglycemia | 1.8 | -1.8 | |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
| hypersomnia | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.3 | 3.5 | -1.69 |
| Hypothyroidism | 1.2 | -1.2 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.4 | -1.4 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.8 | 4 | -1.22 |
| Insomnia | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Intelligence | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.9 | 2.1 | -0.11 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 2.4 | 1.8 | 0.33 |
| Long COVID | 3.9 | 5.3 | -0.36 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.2 | 1.2 | -5 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | 1.7 | -4.67 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.29 |
| Menopause | 1.6 | 1.6 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 3.9 | 4.8 | -0.23 |
| Mood Disorders | 7.2 | 5.1 | 0.41 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 3.9 | 1 | 2.9 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.13 |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1 | 4.3 | -3.3 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Obesity | 5.2 | 2.8 | 0.86 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 2.2 | 3.3 | -0.5 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.9 | 0.1 | 8 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.8 | 1.2 | -0.5 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.47 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0.6 | 1.3 | -1.17 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| Psoriasis | 2.3 | 1.2 | 0.92 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 3.7 | 1.8 | 1.06 |
| Rosacea | 1.2 | 0.2 | 5 |
| Schizophrenia | 4.4 | 1.2 | 2.67 |
| scoliosis | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.19 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1 | 1.2 | -0.2 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.1 | 0.7 | -6 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.1 | 2.4 | -1.18 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.47 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.08 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 3.9 | 2.7 | 0.44 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.1 | 2.4 | -1.18 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 2.7 | 1.3 | 1.08 |
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