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Gastrointestinal Disorders: Clebopride maleate has historically been used to treat various gastrointestinal conditions characterized by abnormalities in gastrointestinal motility, including functional dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastroparesis, and non-ulcer dyspepsia. It works by stimulating gastrointestinal motility and accelerating gastric emptying, thereby reducing symptoms such as bloating, nausea, vomiting, early satiety, and abdominal discomfort.
Prokinetic Agent: Clebopride maleate belongs to a class of medications known as prokinetic agents, which exert their effects by enhancing the coordination and strength of contractions in the gastrointestinal tract. By stimulating the release of acetylcholine and inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, clebopride maleate promotes smooth muscle contraction in the stomach and intestines, leading to improved gastrointestinal motility and transit.
Antiemetic: In addition to its prokinetic effects, clebopride maleate also has antiemetic properties and may be used to prevent or alleviate nausea and vomiting associated with various gastrointestinal disorders, chemotherapy, or postoperative recovery. By acting on dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the brainstem, clebopride maleate helps suppress nausea and vomiting signals, thereby reducing symptoms and improving patient comfort.
Safety Concerns: Despite its efficacy in promoting gastrointestinal motility and relieving symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders, the use of clebopride maleate has been limited due to safety concerns, particularly its potential to cause cardiac arrhythmias, including QT interval prolongation and torsades de pointes. These cardiac effects are primarily associated with high doses of clebopride maleate or its long-term use and may increase the risk of serious adverse cardiovascular events, including sudden cardiac death.
Regulatory Status: Clebopride maleate is not approved for medical use in many countries, including the United States, due to safety concerns. In countries where it was previously available, its use has been restricted or discontinued, and alternative medications with better safety profiles are now preferred for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
Drug Interactions: Clebopride maleate may interact with other medications that prolong the QT interval or affect cardiac conduction, such as certain antibiotics, antifungal agents, antidepressants, and antipsychotic drugs. Concurrent use of clebopride maleate with these medications may increase the risk of QT interval prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias.
Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
---|---|---|
species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
---|---|---|---|
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Acne | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
ADHD | 2.5 | 2.5 | |
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 1 | 0.3 | 2.33 |
Allergies | 0.8 | 1.4 | -0.75 |
Allergy to milk products | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
Alzheimer's disease | 2 | 1.9 | 0.05 |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.83 |
Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
Anorexia Nervosa | 0.1 | 0.9 | -8 |
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.8 | 0.1 | 7 |
Asthma | 0.4 | 0.9 | -1.25 |
Atherosclerosis | 0.4 | 1 | -1.5 |
Atrial fibrillation | 0.8 | 1.1 | -0.38 |
Autism | 4.4 | 4 | 0.1 |
Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Bipolar Disorder | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
Brain Trauma | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
Carcinoma | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 |
Celiac Disease | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.33 |
Cerebral Palsy | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 2.8 | 1.4 | 1 |
Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
Chronic Lyme | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.8 | 0.2 | 3 |
Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.9 | 1.2 | -0.33 |
Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
Colorectal Cancer | 2.3 | 0.3 | 6.67 |
Constipation | 1.1 | 0.2 | 4.5 |
Coronary artery disease | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
COVID-19 | 3.6 | 5.1 | -0.42 |
Crohn's Disease | 3.8 | 1.8 | 1.11 |
cystic fibrosis | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
deep vein thrombosis | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
Depression | 4 | 2.7 | 0.48 |
Dermatomyositis | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
Eczema | 0.4 | 1 | -1.5 |
Endometriosis | 1 | 1 | |
Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
Epilepsy | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.67 |
Fibromyalgia | 0.7 | 1.9 | -1.71 |
Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 3.3 | 1.8 | 0.83 |
gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 1.4 | 0.2 | 6 |
Generalized anxiety disorder | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
giant cell arteritis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
Glioblastoma | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
Graves' disease | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1 |
Halitosis | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
Histamine Issues,Mast Cell Issue, DAO Insufficiency | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
hyperglycemia | 0.1 | 0.8 | -7 |
Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
hypersomnia | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.8 | 1.4 | -0.75 |
Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Hypoxia | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 2.7 | -2.7 | |
Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.6 | 3.2 | -1 |
Insomnia | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
Intelligence | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
Intracranial aneurysms | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.6 | 3 | -0.88 |
Liver Cirrhosis | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.42 |
Long COVID | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.85 |
Low bone mineral density | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
Lung Cancer | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
ME/CFS with IBS | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
ME/CFS without IBS | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
Menopause | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
Metabolic Syndrome | 2.7 | 3.9 | -0.44 |
Mood Disorders | 5 | 2.7 | 0.85 |
multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
Multiple Sclerosis | 1.5 | 2.9 | -0.93 |
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.8 | 0.1 | 7 |
Neuropathy (all types) | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0 |
NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Obesity | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.2 |
obsessive-compulsive disorder | 3.6 | 1.7 | 1.12 |
Osteoarthritis | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
Osteoporosis | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
pancreatic cancer | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
Parkinson's Disease | 1.1 | 1.7 | -0.55 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.88 |
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
primary biliary cholangitis | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
Psoriasis | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.08 |
rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 2.6 | 1.5 | 0.73 |
Rosacea | 0.1 | 0.5 | -4 |
Schizophrenia | 2.6 | 0.6 | 3.33 |
scoliosis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Sjögren syndrome | 0.9 | 1.5 | -0.67 |
Sleep Apnea | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1 |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.6 | 0.3 | 4.33 |
Tic Disorder | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.14 |
Tourette syndrome | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
Type 1 Diabetes | 2.3 | 1.6 | 0.44 |
Type 2 Diabetes | 3.1 | 3.9 | -0.26 |
Ulcerative colitis | 1.4 | 4.1 | -1.93 |
Unhealthy Ageing | 3 | 0.8 | 2.75 |
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