AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Cisapride was commonly prescribed to improve the symptoms of GERD, a condition characterized by the reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus, leading to heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. It worked by enhancing gastrointestinal motility and accelerating gastric emptying, thereby reducing the frequency and severity of reflux episodes.
Gastroparesis: Cisapride was used to treat gastroparesis, a condition characterized by delayed gastric emptying and symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, early satiety, bloating, and abdominal discomfort. By stimulating the contraction of the stomach muscles and promoting the movement of food through the digestive tract, cisapride helped alleviate symptoms and improve gastric emptying in patients with gastroparesis.
Chronic Constipation: Cisapride was occasionally prescribed off-label for the treatment of chronic constipation, particularly in patients with slow colonic transit or functional constipation. It exerted its effects by enhancing colonic motility and accelerating stool transit time, thereby relieving symptoms such as infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stools, and abdominal discomfort.
Withdrawal from Market: Cisapride has been withdrawn from the market in many countries, including the United States, due to safety concerns related to its proarrhythmic effects, particularly its potential to cause QT interval prolongation and serious cardiac arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia and torsades de pointes. These cardiac effects were associated with the inhibition of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channels in the heart, leading to delayed repolarization of cardiac cells and an increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.
Drug Interactions: Cisapride had numerous drug interactions due to its metabolism via the cytochrome P450 system, particularly the CYP3A4 enzyme. Concurrent use of cisapride with other medications that inhibit CYP3A4 activity, such as macrolide antibiotics, antifungal agents, protease inhibitors, and certain antidepressants, could lead to increased plasma levels of cisapride and an elevated risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
Precautions: Due to its potential for serious cardiac side effects, cisapride was contraindicated in patients with underlying cardiac conditions, electrolyte disturbances, or a history of QT interval prolongation. It was also contraindicated in patients taking other medications known to prolong the QT interval or those with a history of arrhythmias.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| species | Lacticaseibacillus paracasei | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0 | 0 | |
| ADHD | 2.1 | 0.1 | 20 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Allergies | 1 | 1.6 | -0.6 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.9 | 2.5 | -0.32 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.6 | 1 | 0.6 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 2.1 | 0.5 | 3.2 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.3 | 0.9 | -2 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Asthma | 0.3 | 1.3 | -3.33 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.2 | 0.9 | -3.5 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.9 | 1.7 | -0.89 |
| Autism | 4.8 | 4.8 | 0 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Biofilm | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 |
| Brain Trauma | 0 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.1 | 1.1 | -10 |
| Carcinoma | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Celiac Disease | 1.9 | 1 | 0.9 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 2.7 | 3.1 | -0.15 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1 | 1.8 | -0.8 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.5 | 0.3 | 4 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 2.5 | 0.2 | 11.5 |
| Constipation | 1.4 | 0.3 | 3.67 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
| COVID-19 | 5.1 | 6 | -0.18 |
| Crohn's Disease | 4.1 | 2.2 | 0.86 |
| cystic fibrosis | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3 |
| Depression | 4.4 | 3.8 | 0.16 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Eczema | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Endometriosis | 1.3 | 0.2 | 5.5 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| Epilepsy | 1.4 | 2.1 | -0.5 |
| Fibromyalgia | 1.5 | 2.3 | -0.53 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 2.8 | 2.1 | 0.33 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 1.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.25 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0 | 0 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
| Halitosis | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| hyperglycemia | 0.4 | 1.3 | -2.25 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.1 | 2.6 | -1.36 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 2.9 | -2.9 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.5 | 3.8 | -1.53 |
| Insomnia | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Intelligence | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.22 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 3.2 | 3.3 | -0.03 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.73 |
| Long COVID | 3.3 | 2 | 0.65 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.5 | 0.7 | -0.4 |
| Menopause | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 2.8 | 4.9 | -0.75 |
| Mood Disorders | 5.4 | 3.9 | 0.38 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 1.5 | 3.4 | -1.27 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1.4 | 0 | 0 |
| neuropathic pain | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Obesity | 2.6 | 1.9 | 0.37 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 3.7 | 2.2 | 0.68 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Osteoporosis | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 3 | 2.5 | 0.2 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.8 | 0.8 | 1.25 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Psoriasis | 1.5 | 2.6 | -0.73 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 3 | 1.5 | 1 |
| Rosacea | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
| Schizophrenia | 2.8 | 0.4 | 6 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.58 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.6 | 0.4 | 3 |
| Tic Disorder | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.9 | 1.4 | 0.36 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 3.5 | 5.4 | -0.54 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.4 | 4.8 | -2.43 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 2.3 | 1.1 | 1.09 |
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