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Protein Synthesis Inhibition: Cycloheximide exerts its pharmacological effects by inhibiting protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It specifically targets the peptidyl transferase center of the 60S ribosomal subunit, preventing the elongation of nascent polypeptide chains during translation. By blocking protein synthesis, cycloheximide can rapidly halt cellular protein production and disrupt essential cellular functions.
Research Tool: Cycloheximide is widely used as a research tool in cell biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology laboratories. It is commonly employed to study the dynamics of protein synthesis, protein degradation, and protein turnover in various cellular processes. Cycloheximide treatment can be used to assess the stability and half-life of specific proteins, investigate regulatory pathways, and elucidate the mechanisms of protein synthesis inhibition.
Apoptosis Induction: Cycloheximide has been utilized experimentally to induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cell culture models. By inhibiting protein synthesis, cycloheximide can trigger apoptotic pathways and promote cell death in susceptible cells. This property has been exploited to study the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and to investigate potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
Toxicity Concerns: While cycloheximide is valuable for research purposes, it is important to recognize its potential toxicity and handle it with caution. Cycloheximide exposure can disrupt normal cellular functions and lead to cytotoxic effects in both cultured cells and experimental animals. High concentrations or prolonged exposure to cycloheximide may cause cell death, growth inhibition, and other adverse effects.
Safety Considerations: When working with cycloheximide in laboratory settings, appropriate safety precautions should be followed to minimize the risk of exposure and adverse health effects. This includes wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), handling cycloheximide in a well-ventilated environment, and using proper laboratory techniques for chemical handling and waste disposal.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Bacteroides uniformis | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| ADHD | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Allergies | 1 | 0.8 | 0.25 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.6 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 2.7 | 1.4 | 0.93 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.7 | 1.1 | -0.57 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.25 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.1 | 0.6 | -5 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 1 | 0.2 | 4 |
| Asthma | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1 | 0.9 | 0.11 |
| Autism | 2.1 | 2 | 0.05 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.33 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Biofilm | 2.1 | 2.1 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 1.3 | 0.4 | 2.25 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Carcinoma | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.29 |
| Celiac Disease | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.44 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 3.5 | 1.5 | 1.33 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 1.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 3.9 | 3.9 | |
| Constipation | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| COVID-19 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 0.03 |
| Crohn's Disease | 4.1 | 1.4 | 1.93 |
| cystic fibrosis | 1 | 0.2 | 4 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Depression | 2.8 | 1.7 | 0.65 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Eczema | 0.6 | 1.5 | -1.5 |
| Endometriosis | 1.7 | 0.4 | 3.25 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Epilepsy | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.14 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 2.2 | 0.5 | 3.4 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1.6 | 0.2 | 7 |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Halitosis | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| hyperglycemia | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| hypersomnia | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.27 |
| Hypoxia | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 3 | 1.9 | 0.58 |
| Insomnia | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
| Intelligence | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.78 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.73 |
| Long COVID | 1.8 | 2.1 | -0.17 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0 | 0 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 3.2 | 2.5 | 0.28 |
| Mood Disorders | 3.4 | 1.7 | 1 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 2.6 | 1.6 | 0.63 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| neuropathic pain | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Obesity | 1.8 | 1.9 | -0.06 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 3.4 | 0.5 | 5.8 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.2 | 0.4 | 2 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.9 | 0.2 | 3.5 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 3 | 2 | 0.5 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.38 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Psoriasis | 1.7 | 0.5 | 2.4 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 2.5 | 0.9 | 1.78 |
| Rosacea | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Schizophrenia | 1.4 | 0.4 | 2.5 |
| scoliosis | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.5 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.4 | 0.2 | 6 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 2.1 | 0.4 | 4.25 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.6 | 0.4 | 3 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 3.3 | 3 | 0.1 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.36 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 2.5 | 2.5 | |
| Vitiligo | 1 | 0.1 | 9 |
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