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Cardiovascular Diseases: Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. It contributes to the development and progression of atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries), increases blood pressure, promotes blood clot formation, and damages blood vessel walls, leading to reduced blood flow to vital organs.
Respiratory Diseases: Smoking is the leading cause of various respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. Smoking damages the airways and lung tissue, causing inflammation, scarring, and narrowing of the air passages, which impairs lung function, reduces oxygen exchange, and leads to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections.
Cancer: Smoking is the most significant preventable cause of cancer worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of various types of cancer, including lung cancer, throat cancer, mouth cancer, esophageal cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, kidney cancer, and cervical cancer. Tobacco smoke contains numerous carcinogens (cancer-causing substances) that damage DNA, promote abnormal cell growth, and increase the likelihood of cancer development.
Reproductive Health: Smoking has adverse effects on reproductive health and fertility in both men and women. In women, smoking can interfere with menstrual cycles, reduce fertility, increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, and stillbirth, and contribute to complications during pregnancy and childbirth, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and birth defects. In men, smoking can impair sperm quality, reduce sperm count, and increase the risk of erectile dysfunction.
Gastrointestinal Diseases: Smoking is associated with an increased risk of various gastrointestinal diseases, including peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer. Smoking can damage the lining of the digestive tract, weaken the lower esophageal sphincter, disrupt the balance of gut bacteria, and promote inflammation, contributing to the development and exacerbation of gastrointestinal conditions.
Immune System Dysfunction: Smoking weakens the immune system and impairs the body's ability to fight infections and heal wounds. Smokers are more susceptible to respiratory infections such as pneumonia, influenza, and tuberculosis, as well as other infectious diseases. Smoking also delays wound healing and increases the risk of surgical complications.
Musculoskeletal Disorders: Smoking is associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and impaired bone healing. Smoking contributes to bone loss, reduces bone density, and interferes with bone formation and repair processes, leading to an increased risk of fractures and joint problems.
Neurological Disorders: Smoking has adverse effects on brain health and is associated with an increased risk of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Smoking damages blood vessels, reduces blood flow to the brain, promotes inflammation, and accelerates cognitive decline, contributing to the development and progression of these conditions.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| Taxonomy | Rank | Effect | Citations | Notation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Betaproteobacteria | class | Increases | 👪 Source Study | |
| Methanomassiliicoccaceae | family | Increases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Alcaligenaceae | family | Increases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Burkholderiaceae | family | Increases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Comamonadaceae | family | Increases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Oxalobacteraceae | family | Increases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Sphaerotilaceae | family | Increases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Sutterellaceae | family | Increases | 👶 Source Study | |
| unclassified Burkholderiales | family | Increases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Lachnospiraceae | family | Increases | 👪 Source Study | |
| Catonella | genus | Increases | 📓 Source Study | |
| Burkholderiales genera incertae sedis | no rank | Increases | 👶 Source Study | |
| environmental samples | no rank | Increases | 👶 Source Study | |
| unclassified Burkholderiales | no rank | Increases | 👶 Source Study | |
| Methanomassiliicoccales | order | Increases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Burkholderiales | order | Increases | 📓 Source Study | |
| Catonella morbi | species | Increases | 👶 Source Study |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ADHD | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Allergies | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Asthma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Autism | 0.6 | 0.7 | -0.17 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Colorectal Cancer | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Constipation | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| COVID-19 | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
| Crohn's Disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Depression | 0.5 | 1.2 | -1.4 |
| Epilepsy | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| erectile dysfunction | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Gout | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Hemorrhoidal disease, Hemorrhoids, Piles | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| hyperglycemia | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Intelligence | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.67 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Long COVID | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Mood Disorders | 0.7 | 1.2 | -0.71 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Obesity | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Schizophrenia | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| scoliosis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| sensorineural hearing loss | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.3 | 0.3 |
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