AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Fungal Infections: Amphotericin B is effective against a broad spectrum of fungal infections, including those caused by Candida species, Aspergillus species, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and other fungi. It is commonly used to treat systemic fungal infections that affect vital organs such as the lungs, brain, heart, and kidneys.
Antifungal Mechanism: Amphotericin B works by binding to ergosterol, a component of fungal cell membranes, leading to disruption of membrane integrity and leakage of cellular contents. This disrupts fungal cell function and ultimately leads to cell death. Because mammalian cells contain cholesterol instead of ergosterol, amphotericin B has a greater affinity for fungal cells, minimizing toxicity to human cells.
Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis: Amphotericin B is often used as a first-line treatment for invasive candidiasis, a serious fungal infection that can occur in immunocompromised individuals, hospitalized patients, and those with underlying medical conditions. It is effective against various Candida species, including Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei.
Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis: Amphotericin B may be used in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis, a fungal infection caused by Aspergillus species. This condition commonly affects individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplantation, or HIV/AIDS.
Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis: Amphotericin B is a key component of the initial treatment regimen for cryptococcal meningitis, a fungal infection of the central nervous system caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. It is often used in combination with other antifungal agents, such as flucytosine or azoles, to improve efficacy and reduce the risk of resistance.
Intravenous Administration: Amphotericin B is typically administered intravenously due to poor oral bioavailability. It is often given as a slow infusion over several hours to minimize the risk of adverse reactions, such as infusion-related reactions, nephrotoxicity, and electrolyte imbalances.
Adverse Effects: Despite its efficacy, amphotericin B can cause significant adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity (kidney damage), electrolyte disturbances (such as hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia), infusion-related reactions (fever, chills, nausea, vomiting), anemia, and hepatotoxicity. Close monitoring of renal function and electrolyte levels is essential during treatment.
Lipid Formulations: To reduce the risk of nephrotoxicity and infusion-related reactions, lipid-based formulations of amphotericin B, such as liposomal amphotericin B and amphotericin B lipid complex, have been developed. These formulations offer improved tolerability and safety profiles compared to conventional amphotericin B deoxycholate.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Allergies | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Carcinoma | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| COVID-19 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Crohn's Disease | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Depression | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Mood Disorders | 1.1 | -1.1 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 1.8 | -1.8 | |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Obesity | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Psoriasis | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
| Schizophrenia | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 1.2 | -1.2 | |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
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