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Beta-Lactamase Inhibition: Tazobactam works by inhibiting the activity of beta-lactamase enzymes produced by certain bacteria. Beta-lactamases are enzymes that can break down and inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillins and cephalosporins. By inhibiting beta-lactamases, tazobactam helps to protect beta-lactam antibiotics from degradation, thereby extending their antibacterial activity.
Enhanced Antibacterial Activity: Tazobactam is often combined with certain penicillin antibiotics, such as piperacillin, to create combination drugs like piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn). This combination provides broad-spectrum antibacterial coverage against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including many strains that produce beta-lactamase enzymes. It is effective against pathogens commonly associated with intra-abdominal infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and respiratory tract infections.
Treatment of Bacterial Infections: Tazobactam, when used in combination with a suitable antibiotic, is indicated for the treatment of various bacterial infections, including complicated intra-abdominal infections, complicated urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and nosocomial pneumonia. It is often prescribed in hospital settings for severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Pharmacokinetics: Tazobactam is typically administered intravenously (IV) and is rapidly distributed in the body. It has a short half-life and is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine. The pharmacokinetics of tazobactam are often similar to those of the accompanying antibiotic in the combination product.
Side Effects: Common side effects associated with tazobactam-containing antibiotics may include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, and infusion site reactions. Allergic reactions, including rash, itching, and swelling, may occur in some individuals, particularly those with a history of allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics. Severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis are rare but can occur. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) may also occur with prolonged use of tazobactam-containing antibiotics.
Drug Interactions: Tazobactam is generally well-tolerated and has a low potential for significant drug interactions. However, it is always important to inform healthcare providers about all medications, supplements, and herbal products being taken to avoid potential interactions.
Pregnancy and Lactation: The safety of tazobactam during pregnancy and lactation has not been well established. It should be used with caution in pregnant and breastfeeding women, and the potential risks and benefits should be carefully considered.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
| Taxonomy | Rank | Effect | Citations | Notation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unclassified Fusobacterium | no rank | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| unclassified Robinsoniella | no rank | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| unclassified Negativicoccus | no rank | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Eggerthellales | order | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Anaerofustis stercorihominis | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Asaccharospora irregularis | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Negativicoccus sp. S5-A15 | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Slackia sp. NATTS | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| [Collinsella] massiliensis | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Allisonella histaminiformans | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Parvibacter caecicola | species | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study | |
| Coriobacterineae | suborder | Decreases | ⚗️ Source Study |
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Depression | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Mood Disorders | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Tic Disorder | 0.1 | -0.1 |
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