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Migraine Relief: Sumatriptan is highly effective in relieving migraine symptoms, including headache pain, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. It belongs to a class of medications called triptans, which work by narrowing blood vessels in the brain and reducing inflammation.
Cluster Headache Treatment: In addition to migraines, sumatriptan is also used to treat cluster headaches, a type of headache characterized by severe pain on one side of the head, typically around the eye.
Mode of Action: Sumatriptan acts on serotonin (5-HT) receptors in the brain, particularly the 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors. By binding to these receptors, it causes vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) and reduces the release of inflammatory substances, thereby alleviating headache symptoms.
Administration: Sumatriptan is available in various formulations, including tablets, nasal sprays, and injectable formulations. The choice of formulation depends on factors such as the severity of the headache, patient preference, and the presence of nausea or vomiting.
Fast-Acting Relief: Sumatriptan is known for its rapid onset of action, often providing relief from migraine symptoms within 30 minutes to 2 hours after administration, depending on the formulation used.
Side Effects: While generally well-tolerated, sumatriptan may cause side effects in some individuals. Common side effects include tingling or numbness, flushing, dizziness, drowsiness, and injection site reactions (with injectable formulations). These side effects are usually mild and transient.
Contraindications: Sumatriptan is contraindicated in individuals with a history of coronary artery disease, uncontrolled hypertension, or peripheral vascular disease, as it can potentially cause cardiovascular complications such as chest pain, heart attack, or stroke.
Drug Interactions: Sumatriptan may interact with other medications, particularly other triptans, ergotamine derivatives, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Combining sumatriptan with these medications can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome or other adverse effects.
Pregnancy and Lactation: The safety of sumatriptan use during pregnancy and lactation is not well-established. It is generally recommended to avoid using sumatriptan during pregnancy unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
Overuse Headache: Prolonged or excessive use of sumatriptan or other acute migraine medications may lead to medication-overuse headaches or rebound headaches. It is essential to use sumatriptan as directed and to limit its use to avoid this complication.
Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
---|---|---|
species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
---|---|---|---|
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 0 | 0 | |
Acne | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
ADHD | 1.6 | 0.5 | 2.2 |
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.2 | 1 | -4 |
Allergies | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.29 |
Allergy to milk products | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
Alzheimer's disease | 1.2 | 1.9 | -0.58 |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 2.1 | 1.2 | 0.75 |
Ankylosing spondylitis | 1 | 0.1 | 9 |
Anorexia Nervosa | 0 | 0.4 | 0 |
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
Asthma | 1 | 1.8 | -0.8 |
Atherosclerosis | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
Atrial fibrillation | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
Autism | 4.4 | 3.5 | 0.26 |
Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Bipolar Disorder | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
Brain Trauma | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
Carcinoma | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.63 |
Celiac Disease | 0.5 | 1.8 | -2.6 |
Cerebral Palsy | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 |
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 2.1 | 1.6 | 0.31 |
Chronic Kidney Disease | 1.3 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
Chronic Lyme | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.4 | 1 | -1.5 |
Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
Colorectal Cancer | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
Constipation | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
Coronary artery disease | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
COVID-19 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 0.14 |
Crohn's Disease | 2.3 | 1.6 | 0.44 |
cystic fibrosis | 0.2 | 0.5 | -1.5 |
deep vein thrombosis | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
Depression | 3.8 | 3.2 | 0.19 |
Dermatomyositis | 0 | 0.2 | 0 |
Eczema | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
Endometriosis | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2 |
Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Epilepsy | 1 | 1.9 | -0.9 |
Fibromyalgia | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0 |
gallstone disease (gsd) | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
Glioblastoma | 0 | 0 | |
Gout | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
Graves' disease | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
Halitosis | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 1.9 | 0.3 | 5.33 |
Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
Histamine Issues,Mast Cell Issue, DAO Insufficiency | 1.2 | 0.4 | 2 |
hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.1 | 1 | -9 |
hyperglycemia | 0.1 | 1.9 | -18 |
Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.8 | 0.1 | 7 |
hypersomnia | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1 | 2.2 | -1.2 |
Hypothyroidism | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
Hypoxia | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1 | 2.9 | -1.9 |
Insomnia | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
Intelligence | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Intracranial aneurysms | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 |
Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 1.8 | 1.9 | -0.06 |
Liver Cirrhosis | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.21 |
Long COVID | 1.9 | 2.3 | -0.21 |
Low bone mineral density | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
Lung Cancer | 0.1 | 1.3 | -12 |
ME/CFS with IBS | 0.1 | 1 | -9 |
ME/CFS without IBS | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.44 |
Menopause | 1 | 1 | |
Metabolic Syndrome | 2.4 | 3.8 | -0.58 |
Mood Disorders | 5.3 | 3.6 | 0.47 |
multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
Multiple Sclerosis | 3.7 | 0.4 | 8.25 |
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1.8 | 0.3 | 5 |
Neuropathy (all types) | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.4 | 2.5 | -5.25 |
NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
Obesity | 3.3 | 2.4 | 0.38 |
obsessive-compulsive disorder | 1.1 | 2.4 | -1.18 |
Osteoarthritis | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
Osteoporosis | 0.7 | 1.2 | -0.71 |
pancreatic cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Parkinson's Disease | 2.5 | 0.6 | 3.17 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome | 0.3 | 1 | -2.33 |
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
primary biliary cholangitis | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
Psoriasis | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.07 |
rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 2.1 | 1 | 1.1 |
Rosacea | 0.9 | 0.2 | 3.5 |
Schizophrenia | 3.1 | 0.6 | 4.17 |
scoliosis | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
Sjögren syndrome | 0.7 | 1 | -0.43 |
Sleep Apnea | 0.4 | 0.8 | -1 |
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.1 | 0.4 | -3 |
Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.3 | 2.4 | -0.85 |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1 | 0.6 | 0.67 |
Tic Disorder | 0.1 | 0.5 | -4 |
Tourette syndrome | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4 |
Type 1 Diabetes | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.33 |
Type 2 Diabetes | 2.4 | 2.7 | -0.13 |
Ulcerative colitis | 0.8 | 2.4 | -2 |
Unhealthy Ageing | 1.7 | 1 | 0.7 |
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