AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Bacterial Infections: Sulfamethoxazole is effective against a wide range of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and certain sexually transmitted infections. It works by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of susceptible bacteria.
Combination Therapy: Sulfamethoxazole is often used in combination with trimethoprim to form co-trimoxazole (brand name: Bactrim or Septra). This combination enhances antibacterial efficacy and reduces the development of bacterial resistance. Co-trimoxazole is commonly prescribed for urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and other bacterial infections.
Urinary Tract Infections: Sulfamethoxazole is particularly effective against urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria, including Escherichia coli and other gram-negative organisms. It is commonly used for the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs, such as cystitis (bladder infection) and acute pyelonephritis (kidney infection).
Respiratory Infections: Sulfamethoxazole may be prescribed for respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria, including bronchitis and pneumonia. However, its use in these infections may vary depending on local bacterial resistance patterns and guidelines.
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Sulfamethoxazole can be used to treat skin and soft tissue infections caused by susceptible bacteria, including cellulitis, impetigo, and wound infections. It may be prescribed alone or in combination with other antibiotics, depending on the severity and type of infection.
HIV/AIDS Treatment and Prophylaxis: Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is commonly used as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (formerly Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) in patients with HIV/AIDS or other immunocompromising conditions. It is also used for the treatment and prevention of other opportunistic infections in these populations.
Adverse Effects: Common side effects of sulfamethoxazole may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, headache, and dizziness. Skin rash and allergic reactions may occur, ranging from mild rash to severe hypersensitivity reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis, which require immediate medical attention. Long-term use or high doses of sulfamethoxazole may increase the risk of adverse effects, including hematologic abnormalities such as thrombocytopenia or agranulocytosis, and renal impairment.
Drug Interactions: Sulfamethoxazole may interact with other medications, including oral anticoagulants, phenytoin, methotrexate, and certain sulfonylurea medications used to treat diabetes. It is essential to inform healthcare providers about all medications, supplements, and herbal products being taken to avoid potential interactions.
Resistance: Overuse or misuse of sulfamethoxazole can contribute to the development of bacterial resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to use sulfamethoxazole judiciously and only when indicated to preserve its effectiveness for the treatment of bacterial infections and minimize the risk of bacterial resistance.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| strain | Escherichia coli G3/10 | Reduces |
| strain | Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| ADHD | 2.9 | 1.2 | 1.42 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.14 |
| Allergies | 1.7 | 2.4 | -0.41 |
| Allergy to milk products | 1 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 2.3 | 2.9 | -0.26 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 2.3 | 1.3 | 0.77 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.08 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0.1 | 1.5 | -14 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| Asthma | 1.3 | 1.5 | -0.15 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.8 | 1.2 | -0.5 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2 | 0.9 | 1.22 |
| Autism | 5.3 | 6.1 | -0.15 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Biofilm | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.7 | 1.3 | -0.86 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.1 | 1.6 | -15 |
| Carcinoma | 1.7 | 1 | 0.7 |
| Celiac Disease | 1.2 | 2.3 | -0.92 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 4.8 | 3 | 0.6 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1.2 | 1.3 | -0.08 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.5 | 0.9 | -0.8 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.57 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 2.3 | 0.7 | 2.29 |
| Constipation | 2.2 | 0.8 | 1.75 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| COVID-19 | 7.7 | 9.4 | -0.22 |
| Crohn's Disease | 4.5 | 4 | 0.13 |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Depression | 5.6 | 4.3 | 0.3 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Eczema | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Endometriosis | 1.3 | 1 | 0.3 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Epilepsy | 1.1 | 1.5 | -0.36 |
| Fibromyalgia | 0.8 | 1.6 | -1 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 4.8 | 2.7 | 0.78 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 1 | 0.7 | 0.43 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.44 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.9 | 1.2 | -0.33 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Gout | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Halitosis | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.75 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| hyperglycemia | 0.3 | 1 | -2.33 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.3 | 2.4 | -0.85 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 3.2 | -3.2 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1.7 | 5.1 | -2 |
| Insomnia | 0.2 | 0.9 | -3.5 |
| Intelligence | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.67 |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 3.3 | 2.9 | 0.14 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 2.4 | 1.8 | 0.33 |
| Long COVID | 5.2 | 5.2 | 0 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.7 | 0.9 | -0.29 |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.2 | 0.6 | -2 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.2 | 1.2 | -5 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.64 |
| Menopause | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 4.4 | 4.4 | 0 |
| Mood Disorders | 7.2 | 4.8 | 0.5 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 3.9 | 4 | -0.03 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.5 |
| neuropathic pain | 1 | -1 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 0.8 | 2.9 | -2.62 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
| Obesity | 3.3 | 2.7 | 0.22 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 3.2 | 2.9 | 0.1 |
| Osteoarthritis | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Osteoporosis | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 2.9 | 3.3 | -0.14 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.3 | 1.4 | -0.08 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Psoriasis | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 3.7 | 1.7 | 1.18 |
| Rosacea | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Schizophrenia | 4.2 | 1 | 3.2 |
| scoliosis | 0.2 | 1.2 | -5 |
| Sjögren syndrome | 1.1 | 1.5 | -0.36 |
| Sleep Apnea | 1 | 1.1 | -0.1 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 1 | 0.2 | 4 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.9 | 2.2 | -0.16 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.29 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.7 | 1.2 | -0.71 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.13 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 4.6 | 4.7 | -0.02 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.2 | 3.2 | -1.67 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 2.5 | 2.2 | 0.14 |
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