AI Engines For more Details: Perplexity Kagi Labs You
Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS: Emtricitabine is a key component of many antiretroviral therapy regimens used in the treatment of HIV infection. It works by inhibiting the activity of the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme, thereby preventing the conversion of viral RNA into DNA and subsequent integration into the host cell genome. This helps to reduce viral replication and suppress HIV viral load in the body, leading to improved immune function and decreased risk of disease progression.
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention: Emtricitabine, in combination with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), is approved for use as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk of HIV infection in individuals who are at high risk of acquiring the virus. When taken consistently as prescribed, PrEP can significantly lower the risk of HIV transmission through sexual activity or injection drug use.
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV Prevention: Emtricitabine, in combination with other antiretroviral drugs, is also used for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent HIV infection in individuals who have been exposed to the virus through occupational or non-occupational exposure (e.g., needlestick injuries, unprotected sexual intercourse). PEP should be initiated as soon as possible after exposure and continued for a specified duration.
Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B: Emtricitabine is approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adults and pediatric patients. It works by inhibiting HBV reverse transcriptase, thereby reducing viral replication and slowing down liver damage. Long-term treatment with emtricitabine can help suppress HBV viral load, improve liver function, and reduce the risk of disease progression, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Combination Therapy: Emtricitabine is often used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs or HBV medications to enhance its antiviral efficacy and reduce the risk of drug resistance. Commonly used combinations include emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Truvada) or emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (Descovy) for HIV treatment and prevention.
Adverse Effects: Common side effects of emtricitabine may include headache, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, insomnia, dizziness, rash, and abdominal pain. Most side effects are mild to moderate in severity and resolve with continued treatment. Severe adverse effects such as lactic acidosis, hepatotoxicity, and immune reconstitution syndrome are rare but may occur, particularly in patients with underlying liver disease or immune dysfunction.
Resistance and Cross-Resistance: Prolonged use of emtricitabine as monotherapy or in inadequately suppressive regimens can lead to the development of drug resistance mutations in HIV or HBV, reducing the effectiveness of treatment. Therefore, adherence to prescribed regimens and regular monitoring of viral load and drug resistance are essential to optimize treatment outcomes.
| Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| genus | Bifidobacterium | Reduces |
| species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
| species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
| species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
| species | Parabacteroides distasonis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
| subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
| Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acne | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| ADHD | 2.6 | 0.2 | 12 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.8 | 1.3 | -0.63 |
| Allergies | 3.7 | 1.4 | 1.64 |
| Allergy to milk products | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1 | 1 | |
| Alzheimer's disease | 1.7 | 3 | -0.76 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.57 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.8 | 0.6 | 2 |
| Anorexia Nervosa | 0 | 1.3 | 0 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Asthma | 0.9 | 1.4 | -0.56 |
| Atherosclerosis | 0.7 | 1.2 | -0.71 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| Autism | 5.7 | 4.3 | 0.33 |
| Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Biofilm | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Bipolar Disorder | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Brain Trauma | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Cancer (General) | 0.2 | 2.2 | -10 |
| Carcinoma | 2 | 1.7 | 0.18 |
| Celiac Disease | 0.9 | 2.4 | -1.67 |
| Cerebral Palsy | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0 |
| Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 3.9 | 2.6 | 0.5 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.57 |
| Chronic Lyme | 0.6 | -0.6 | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.14 |
| Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.2 | 0.9 | -3.5 |
| Colorectal Cancer | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
| Constipation | 0.3 | 0.8 | -1.67 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.7 | 0.8 | -0.14 |
| COVID-19 | 7.3 | 7 | 0.04 |
| Crohn's Disease | 3.7 | 2.6 | 0.42 |
| cystic fibrosis | 0.2 | 0.8 | -3 |
| deep vein thrombosis | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Depression | 5.5 | 4.4 | 0.25 |
| Dermatomyositis | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Eczema | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
| Endometriosis | 1.4 | 0.5 | 1.8 |
| Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
| Epilepsy | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.06 |
| Fibromyalgia | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.14 |
| Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 2.3 | 2 | 0.15 |
| gallstone disease (gsd) | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.5 | 1 | -1 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 1 | 1.2 | -0.2 |
| giant cell arteritis | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
| Glioblastoma | 0 | 0 | |
| Graves' disease | 0.9 | 1.3 | -0.44 |
| Halitosis | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 2 | 0.5 | 3 |
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
| High Histamine/low DAO | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.67 |
| hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.4 | 0.6 | -0.5 |
| hyperglycemia | 0.2 | 1.8 | -8 |
| Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.25 |
| hypersomnia | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
| hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.3 | 3.8 | -1.92 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.9 | -0.9 | |
| Hypoxia | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.6 | -1.6 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 2.1 | 3.9 | -0.86 |
| Insomnia | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.17 |
| Intelligence | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Intracranial aneurysms | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.75 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 2.8 | 2.4 | 0.17 |
| Liver Cirrhosis | 2.6 | 1.8 | 0.44 |
| Long COVID | 4.2 | 5.1 | -0.21 |
| Low bone mineral density | 0.4 | -0.4 | |
| Lung Cancer | 0.6 | 1.2 | -1 |
| Mast Cell Issues / mastitis | 0.1 | 0.3 | -2 |
| ME/CFS with IBS | 0.8 | 1.7 | -1.13 |
| ME/CFS without IBS | 1.3 | 1 | 0.3 |
| Menopause | 1.7 | 1.7 | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 4.7 | 4.9 | -0.04 |
| Mood Disorders | 7.5 | 4.6 | 0.63 |
| multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 2.9 | 1.6 | 0.81 |
| Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.88 |
| neuropathic pain | 1.4 | -1.4 | |
| Neuropathy (all types) | 0.8 | 0.1 | 7 |
| neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.3 | 3.8 | -1.92 |
| NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 1.9 | 0.5 | 2.8 |
| Obesity | 5.8 | 2.6 | 1.23 |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | 3.3 | 2.5 | 0.32 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis | 1 | 1.3 | -0.3 |
| pancreatic cancer | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 4.6 | 3.1 | 0.48 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1 | 1.4 | -0.4 |
| Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 1.1 | 0 | 0 |
| primary biliary cholangitis | 0.2 | 0.4 | -1 |
| Psoriasis | 3 | 1.2 | 1.5 |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 3.5 | 2.2 | 0.59 |
| Rosacea | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0 |
| Schizophrenia | 4.2 | 1.3 | 2.23 |
| scoliosis | 0.1 | -0.1 | |
| Sjögren syndrome | 1.6 | 1.7 | -0.06 |
| Sleep Apnea | 0.8 | 1.2 | -0.5 |
| Slow gastric motility / Gastroparesis | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.33 |
| Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.2 | 0.5 | -1.5 |
| Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.6 | 2.2 | -0.38 |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 2 | 1.3 | 0.54 |
| Tic Disorder | 0.2 | 0.8 | -3 |
| Tourette syndrome | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Type 1 Diabetes | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.58 |
| Type 2 Diabetes | 4.5 | 3.2 | 0.41 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.6 | 2.8 | -0.75 |
| Unhealthy Ageing | 2.7 | 1.1 | 1.45 |
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