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Sleep Induction: Zaleplon is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent that acts on the benzodiazepine receptor complex in the central nervous system. It works by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity, leading to sedation and sleep induction. Zaleplon is specifically indicated for the initiation of sleep and is most effective when taken immediately before bedtime.
Short Duration of Action: One of the distinguishing features of zaleplon is its short half-life, which results in rapid onset of action and relatively short duration of effect. This makes it suitable for individuals who have difficulty falling asleep but do not have difficulty maintaining sleep throughout the night. Zaleplon has a half-life of approximately 1 hour, and its effects typically wear off within a few hours after administration, allowing individuals to wake up without residual sedation or impairment.
Improvement in Sleep Quality: Clinical studies have demonstrated that zaleplon can improve sleep quality and reduce the time it takes to fall asleep in individuals with insomnia. By promoting sleep onset, zaleplon can help individuals achieve a more restful and consolidated night of sleep, leading to improved daytime functioning and overall well-being.
Minimal Risk of Hangover Effects: Due to its short duration of action, zaleplon is associated with a lower risk of hangover effects, such as residual sedation or impaired cognitive function, compared to other hypnotic medications with longer half-lives. This makes zaleplon a preferred option for individuals who need to wake up early in the morning and engage in daily activities without experiencing lingering drowsiness.
Safety Profile: Zaleplon is generally well-tolerated when used as directed for short-term treatment of insomnia. However, like other medications in its class, zaleplon may cause side effects such as dizziness, headache, nausea, drowsiness, and impaired coordination. Rare but serious adverse effects may include allergic reactions, hallucinations, and complex sleep-related behaviors (e.g., sleepwalking, sleep driving) that occur without full awakening.
Potential for Dependence and Abuse: Although zaleplon has a lower risk of dependence and abuse compared to benzodiazepines and other sedative-hypnotic medications, it should be used with caution, especially in individuals with a history of substance abuse or dependence. Prolonged use of zaleplon beyond the recommended duration or at higher-than-prescribed doses may increase the risk of tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation.
Drug Interactions: Zaleplon may interact with other medications that affect central nervous system function, such as alcohol, opioids, and other sedative-hypnotics. Concurrent use of zaleplon with these substances can potentiate sedation and respiratory depression, increasing the risk of adverse effects and overdose. It is important to inform healthcare providers about all medications, supplements, and substances being used to minimize the risk of drug interactions.
Rank | Probiotic | Impact |
---|---|---|
species | Akkermansia muciniphila | Reduces |
species | Bifidobacterium adolescentis | Reduces |
species | Bifidobacterium longum | Reduces |
species | Escherichia coli | Reduces |
subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis | Reduces |
subspecies | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum | Reduces |
We extend modifiers to include items that changes the parent and child taxa. I.e. for a species, that would be the genus that is belongs to and the strains in the species.
A higher number indicates impact on more bacteria associated with the condition and confidence on the impact.
We have X bacteria high and Y low reported. We find that the modifier reduces some and increases other of these two groups. We just tally: X|reduces + Y|Increase = Positive X|increases + Y|decrease = Negative.
Benefit Ratio:
Numbers above 0 have increasing positive effect.
Numbers below 0 have increasing negative effect.
Condition | Positive Impact | Negative Impact | Benefit Ratio Impact |
---|---|---|---|
Acne | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
ADHD | 3.2 | 0.3 | 9.67 |
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.5 |
Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) | 0.8 | 1.7 | -1.13 |
Allergies | 2.9 | 1.5 | 0.93 |
Allergy to milk products | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.33 |
Alopecia (Hair Loss) | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
Alzheimer's disease | 1.3 | 3.2 | -1.46 |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Motor Neuron | 1.6 | 0.4 | 3 |
Ankylosing spondylitis | 2.3 | 0.6 | 2.83 |
Anorexia Nervosa | 0.2 | 1.4 | -6 |
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
Asthma | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
Atherosclerosis | 0.9 | 1.3 | -0.44 |
Atrial fibrillation | 2.3 | 0.8 | 1.87 |
Autism | 6.1 | 4.9 | 0.24 |
Barrett esophagus cancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
benign prostatic hyperplasia | 0 | 0 | |
Bipolar Disorder | 0.7 | 1.1 | -0.57 |
Brain Trauma | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
Carcinoma | 2.7 | 2.1 | 0.29 |
Celiac Disease | 1.1 | 3.1 | -1.82 |
Cerebral Palsy | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.44 |
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 3.9 | 3.5 | 0.11 |
Chronic Kidney Disease | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.33 |
Chronic Lyme | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 1.7 | 0.5 | 2.4 |
Chronic Urticaria (Hives) | 0.9 | 0.1 | 8 |
Coagulation / Micro clot triggering bacteria | 0.5 | 1 | -1 |
Colorectal Cancer | 2.3 | 0.7 | 2.29 |
Constipation | 0.4 | 0.5 | -0.25 |
Coronary artery disease | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
COVID-19 | 7 | 7.5 | -0.07 |
Crohn's Disease | 3.4 | 3.2 | 0.06 |
cystic fibrosis | 0 | 0.9 | 0 |
deep vein thrombosis | 0 | 0.8 | 0 |
Depression | 7.1 | 4.4 | 0.61 |
Dermatomyositis | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
Eczema | 0.3 | 1.6 | -4.33 |
Endometriosis | 1.6 | 1 | 0.6 |
Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
Epilepsy | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.17 |
Fibromyalgia | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.67 |
Functional constipation / chronic idiopathic constipation | 2.8 | 2.2 | 0.27 |
gallstone disease (gsd) | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.29 |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (Gerd) including Barrett's esophagus | 0.3 | 0.6 | -1 |
Generalized anxiety disorder | 0.2 | 1.6 | -7 |
giant cell arteritis | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
Glioblastoma | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
Graves' disease | 1.1 | 1.2 | -0.09 |
Halitosis | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.67 |
Hashimoto's thyroiditis | 2 | 0.5 | 3 |
Hidradenitis Suppurativa | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
Histamine Issues,Mast Cell Issue, DAO Insufficiency | 2.1 | 0.4 | 4.25 |
hypercholesterolemia (High Cholesterol) | 0.6 | 0.1 | 5 |
hyperglycemia | 0 | 1.2 | 0 |
Hyperlipidemia (High Blood Fats) | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 |
hypersomnia | 0.2 | -0.2 | |
hypertension (High Blood Pressure | 1.7 | 3.3 | -0.94 |
Hypothyroidism | 0.8 | -0.8 | |
Hypoxia | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) | 1.6 | -1.6 | |
Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 2.3 | 4.3 | -0.87 |
Insomnia | 0.6 | 0.8 | -0.33 |
Intelligence | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
Intracranial aneurysms | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1 |
Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 2.4 | 2.3 | 0.04 |
Liver Cirrhosis | 3.1 | 2.4 | 0.29 |
Long COVID | 4.2 | 5.9 | -0.4 |
Low bone mineral density | 0.5 | -0.5 | |
Lung Cancer | 0.5 | 0.9 | -0.8 |
ME/CFS with IBS | 1.4 | 1.5 | -0.07 |
ME/CFS without IBS | 1.5 | 2 | -0.33 |
Menopause | 1.9 | 1.9 | |
Metabolic Syndrome | 4.5 | 5.1 | -0.13 |
Mood Disorders | 9 | 4.6 | 0.96 |
multiple chemical sensitivity [MCS] | 1.3 | 0.2 | 5.5 |
Multiple Sclerosis | 4.4 | 3 | 0.47 |
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.86 |
Neuropathy (all types) | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS, PANS) | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (nafld) Nonalcoholic | 1.4 | 3.2 | -1.29 |
NonCeliac Gluten Sensitivity | 0.3 | -0.3 | |
Obesity | 6.4 | 3 | 1.13 |
obsessive-compulsive disorder | 2.7 | 2 | 0.35 |
Osteoarthritis | 0.9 | 0.2 | 3.5 |
Osteoporosis | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.6 |
pancreatic cancer | 0.6 | 0.6 | |
Parkinson's Disease | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.13 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome | 1.1 | 1.7 | -0.55 |
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 0.8 | 0.2 | 3 |
primary biliary cholangitis | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.33 |
Psoriasis | 3.1 | 1.4 | 1.21 |
rheumatoid arthritis (RA),Spondyloarthritis (SpA) | 3.7 | 2.5 | 0.48 |
Rosacea | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.83 |
Schizophrenia | 5.2 | 1.3 | 3 |
scoliosis | 0.7 | -0.7 | |
Sjögren syndrome | 1.9 | 1.9 | 0 |
Sleep Apnea | 0.7 | 1 | -0.43 |
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) | 0.3 | 0.7 | -1.33 |
Stress / posttraumatic stress disorder | 1.8 | 1.9 | -0.06 |
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.13 |
Tic Disorder | 0.5 | 1 | -1 |
Tourette syndrome | 0.1 | 0.2 | -1 |
Type 1 Diabetes | 1.4 | 1.7 | -0.21 |
Type 2 Diabetes | 4.2 | 2.9 | 0.45 |
Ulcerative colitis | 1.7 | 2.4 | -0.41 |
Unhealthy Ageing | 2.6 | 1 | 1.6 |
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